Sports concussion

Abstract

Concussion is an injury to the brain occurring as the result of biomechanical forces, generally characterized by the rapid onset of a constellation of symptoms or cognitive impairment, which is typically self-limited and resolves spontaneously. Concussion as the result of playing sports is particularly common, estimated to occur up to 3.8 million times each year in the United States. Although most concussions can be considered benign, the symptoms are often severe enough to interfere with daily function. A small percentage of concussions can be more serious, resulting in a prolonged symptom course, significant morbidity, or even death. The management of concussion in the athlete presents a unique set of challenges for the clinician, requiring not only a detailed neurologic history and examination, but also careful consideration of an athlete's risk of further injury and possible long-term sequelae.