Orthoses and adaptive equipment

Abstract

In the past decade, advancements in orthoses have focused on using concepts of functional electrical stimulation, constraint-induced movement therapy, and robotic mechanisms. This article reviews newer technologies in orthotic use as well as common orthoses used in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and other neuromuscular disorders. A review of the gait cycle focuses on impairments caused by the neurologic disorder and the use of orthoses to help obtain a more functional gait. Adaptive equipment enables one to increase independence, decrease energy expenditure, and reduce pain. Common adaptive equipment used in the home setting, an integral part of neurorehabilitation, is also reviewed. Finally, the role of medications in treating spasticity to aid use of adaptive equipment, optimize orthotic use, and improve one's gait cycle is examined.