Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2013 May;28(5):441-9.
doi: 10.1002/gps.3845. Epub 2012 Jul 19.

Depression as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Yuan Gao  1 , Changquan Huang, Kexiang Zhao, Louyan Ma, Xuan Qiu, Lei Zhang, Yun Xiu, Lin Chen, Wei Lu, Chunxia Huang, Yong Tang, Qian Xiao
Affiliations
Review

Depression as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Yuan Gao et al. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 May.

Retraction in

Abstract

Background: This study examined whether depression was a risk factor for onset of dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and any dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by using a quantitative meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Methods: EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for articles published up to February 2011. All studies that examined the relationship between depression and the onset of dementia or MCI were included. Pooled relative risk was calculated using fixed-effects models.

Results: Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. All subjects were without dementia or MCI at baseline. Four, two, five, and four studies compared the incidence of AD, VD, any dementia, and MCI between subjects with or without depression, respectively. After pooling all the studies, subjects with depression had higher incidence of AD (relative risk (RR):1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-2.14), VD (RR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.19-3.01), any dementia (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.31-2.83), and MCI (RR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.53-2.54) than those without depression.

Conclusions: The quantitative meta-analysis showed that depression was a major risk factor for incidence of dementia (including AD, VD, and any dementia) and MCI.

PubMed Disclaimer