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. 2012 Nov;55(3):209-13.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.07.001. Epub 2012 Jul 21.

Characterization of a novel gyrovirus in human stool and chicken meat

Daniel K W Chu  1 , Leo L M Poon, Susan S S Chiu, Kwok H Chan, Erica M Ng, Irma Bauer, Tim K Cheung, Iris H Y Ng, Yi Guan, David Wang, J S Malik Peiris
Affiliations

Characterization of a novel gyrovirus in human stool and chicken meat

Daniel K W Chu et al. J Clin Virol. 2012 Nov.

Abstract

Background: Sequence-independent amplification of clinical specimens can lead to the identification of novel pathogens.

Objectives: To identify novel viruses in human stool specimens from patients with diarrhea and to investigate the ecology and clinical significance of such viruses.

Study design: Nucleic acid extracted from stool specimens from patients with diarrhea with no known etiology were subjected to random PCR amplification and Roche/454 pyrosequencing. Novel viruses identified were genetically and epidemiologically characterized.

Results: Four gyroviruses, chicken anemia virus (CAV), human gyrovirus (HGV)/avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2), gyrovirus 3 (GyV3) and a novel gyrovirus (tentatively designated as gyrovirus 4 (GyV4)) were identified in human stool specimens. GyV4, as well as CAV and AGV2/HGV were also detected in chicken skin and meat used for human consumption.

Conclusions: A novel gyrovirus (GyV4) was identified in human stool and in chicken meat sold for human consumption. This virus was phylogenetically distinct from previously reported gyroviruses in chicken and humans (chicken anemia virus, human gyrovirus, avian gyrovirus 2 and recently reported gyrovirus 3). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of this virus in humans and in chicken needs to be further investigated.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of the gyrovirus genomes. Chicken anemia virus (CAV); avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2); human gyrovirus (HGV); gyrovirus 3 (GyV3); gyrovirus 4 (GyV4).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Venn diagrams showing the co-detection of gyroviruses in stool samples in a) Diarrhoeal specimens from Hong Kong 2004–5; b) Diarrhoeal specimens from Hong Kong 2011, and c) symptomatic and asymptomatic transplant recipients in the United States of America. Chicken anemia virus (CAV); avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2); human gyrovirus (HGV); gyrovirus 3 (GyV3); gyrovirus 4 (GyV4).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene (~300bp) of GV3, CAV and AGV2/HGV obtained from human stool and chicken samples in this study. Reference sequence of CAV (HQ872034), AGV2 (NC_015396), HGV (FR823283) and GyV3 (JQ_308210) were retrieved from GenBank. The origins of the chicken specimens tested in this study are denoted as follows, ChWA and ChWC were chickens imported from Mainland China; and ChWB were chickens imported from Brazil. Abbreviations: Chicken anemia virus (CAV); avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2); human gyrovirus (HGV); gyrovirus 3 (GyV3); gyrovirus 4 (GyV4).
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References

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