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. 2012:2012:747095.
doi: 10.1155/2012/747095. Epub 2012 Jul 5.

Endoscopic management of portal hypertension

Said A Al-Busafi  1 , Peter Ghali, Philip Wong, Marc Deschenes
Affiliations

Endoscopic management of portal hypertension

Said A Al-Busafi et al. Int J Hepatol. 2012.

Abstract

Cirrhosis is the leading cause of portal hypertension worldwide, with the development of bleeding gastroesophageal varices being one of the most life-threatening consequences. Endoscopy plays an indispensible role in the diagnosis, staging, and prophylactic or active management of varices. With the expected future refinements in endoscopic technology, capsule endoscopy may one day replace traditional gastroscopy as a diagnostic modality, whereas endoscopic ultrasound may more precisely guide interventional therapy for gastric varices.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sarin Classification of gastric varices (adapted from Sarin et al. [69]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Algorithm for screening for esophageal varices and primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. EGD indicates esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy; NSBB: nonselective beta blockers; EVL: endoscopic variceal ligation; HR: heart rate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Algorithm for management of acute variceal bleeding. EVL indicates endoscopic variceal ligation; ES: endoscopic sclerotherapy; TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Algorithm for endoscopic management of gastric varices. NSBB indicates nonselective beta blockers; EGD: esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy; GOV: gastroesophageal varices; IGV: isolated gastric varices; EVL: endoscopic variceal ligation; TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
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