Acute heart failure patient profiles, management and in-hospital outcome: results of the Italian Registry on Heart Failure Outcome

Abstract

Aims: Registries and surveys improve knowledge of the 'real world'. This paper aims to describe baseline clinical profiles, management strategies, and the in-hospital outcome of patients admitted to hospital for an acute heart failure (AHF) episode.

Methods and results: IN-HF Outcome is a nationwide, prospective, multicentre, observational study conducted in 61 Cardiology Centres in Italy. Up to December 2009, 5610 patients had been enrolled, 1855 (33%) with AHF and 3755 (67%) with chronic heart failure (CHF). Baseline and in-hospital outcome data of AHF patients are presented. Mean age was 72 ± 12 years, and 39.8% were female. Hospital admission was due to new-onset heart failure (HF) in 43% of cases. Co-morbid conditions were observed more frequently in the worsening HF group, while those with de novo HF showed a higher heart rate, blood pressure, and more preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Electrical devices were previously implanted in 13.3% of the entire group. Inotropes were administered in 19.4% of the patients. The median duration of hospital stay was 10 days (interquartile range 7-15). All-cause in-hospital death was 6.4%, similar in worsening and de novo HF. Older age, hypotension, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary oedema, symptoms of hypoperfusion, hyponatraemia, and elevated creatinine were independent predictors of all-cause death.

Conclusion: Our registry confirms that in-hospital mortality in AHF is still high, with a long length of stay. Pharmacological treatment seems to be practically unchanged in the last decades, and the adherence to HF guidelines concerning implantable cardioverter defibrillators/cardiac resynchronization therapy is still very low. Some AHF phenotypes are characterized by worst prognosis and need specific research projects.