Comment on

• Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species.

  Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Shima T, Imaoka A, Kuwahara T, Momose Y, Cheng G, Yamasaki S, Saito T, Ohba Y, Taniguchi T, Takeda K, Hori S, Ivanov II, Umesaki Y, Itoh K, Honda K. Atarashi K, et al. Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):337-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1198469. Epub 2010 Dec 23. Science. 2011. PMID: 21205640 Free PMC article.
• The Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota.

  Round JL, Lee SM, Li J, Tran G, Jabri B, Chatila TA, Mazmanian SK. Round JL, et al. Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):974-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1206095. Epub 2011 Apr 21. Science. 2011. PMID: 21512004 Free PMC article.
• Intestinal bacterial colonization induces mutualistic regulatory T cell responses.

  Geuking MB, Cahenzli J, Lawson MA, Ng DC, Slack E, Hapfelmeier S, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ. Geuking MB, et al. Immunity. 2011 May 27;34(5):794-806. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.021. Epub 2011 May 19. Immunity. 2011. PMID: 21596591
• Peripheral education of the immune system by colonic commensal microbiota.

  Lathrop SK, Bloom SM, Rao SM, Nutsch K, Lio CW, Santacruz N, Peterson DA, Stappenbeck TS, Hsieh CS. Lathrop SK, et al. Nature. 2011 Sep 21;478(7368):250-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10434. Nature. 2011. PMID: 21937990 Free PMC article.
• Extrathymically generated regulatory T cells control mucosal TH2 inflammation.

  Josefowicz SZ, Niec RE, Kim HY, Treuting P, Chinen T, Zheng Y, Umetsu DT, Rudensky AY. Josefowicz SZ, et al. Nature. 2012 Feb 8;482(7385):395-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10772. Nature. 2012. PMID: 22318520 Free PMC article.
• MyD88 is critically involved in immune tolerance breakdown at environmental interfaces of Foxp3-deficient mice.

  Rivas MN, Koh YT, Chen A, Nguyen A, Lee YH, Lawson G, Chatila TA. Rivas MN, et al. J Clin Invest. 2012 May;122(5):1933-47. doi: 10.1172/JCI40591. Epub 2012 Apr 2. J Clin Invest. 2012. PMID: 22466646 Free PMC article.