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. 2012 Jul;83(7):073114.
doi: 10.1063/1.4737630.

A multi-crystal wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer

Roberto Alonso-Mori  1 , Jan Kern, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Tsu-Chien Weng, Dennis Nordlund, Rosalie Tran, Paul Montanez, James Delor, Vittal K Yachandra, Junko Yano, Uwe Bergmann
Affiliations

A multi-crystal wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer

Roberto Alonso-Mori et al. Rev Sci Instrum. 2012 Jul.

Abstract

A multi-crystal wavelength dispersive hard x-ray spectrometer with high-energy resolution and large solid angle collection is described. The instrument is specifically designed for time-resolved applications of x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL) and synchrotron radiation facilities. It also simplifies resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) studies of the whole 2d RIXS plane. The spectrometer is based on the Von Hamos geometry. This dispersive setup enables an XES or XRS spectrum to be measured in a single-shot mode, overcoming the scanning needs of the Rowland circle spectrometers. In conjunction with the XFEL temporal profile and high-flux, it is a powerful tool for studying the dynamics of time-dependent systems. Photo-induced processes and fast catalytic reaction kinetics, ranging from femtoseconds to milliseconds, will be resolvable in a wide array of systems circumventing radiation damage.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic view of a vertical cut of the Von Hamos geometry with a crystal analyzer and a position-sensitive detector (PSD). Scattering of a point source beam is analyzed at different energies resulting in an energy-dispersive spectrum on the PSD (left). The instrument showing the array of crystal analyzers (right, photo by M. Beardsley).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(Top) Energy vs detector pixel position in the dispersive direction, the inset shows the elastic peak images corresponding to the filled line points. (Bottom) Energy resolution vs emission energy of the spectrometer with and without the contribution of the beamline monochromator for the Mn Kβ1,3 spectral range. Values were obtained from the elastic peaks around the Mn Kβ energy with 16 Si(440) analyzers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(Top) Image of Mn2O3 emission with all the crystals focused on one line (a) and with columns 1-2 and 3-4 focused in different lines (b). Mn Kβ1,3 peak from Mn2O3 collected by the 4 columns of the spectrometer individually.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mn Kβ1,3 spectra of MnIVO2 and MnIIO. Integration time 100 s. A second spectrum from MnIIO collected by means of an scanning spectrometer is also shown for comparison.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mn Kβ1,3 spectra of Mn in PS II solution (0.8 mM Mn concentration). Integration time 30 min. Note that the spectrum is that of fully photoreduced Mn in PSII.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mn Kβ2,5 spectrum of MnIVO2 with an integration time of 30 min.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Fe Kβ1,3 spectra from FeIIO and Fe2IIIO3 with an integration time of 25 s.
Figure 8
Figure 8
C K-edge XRS spectrum of HOPG. Integration time was 30 min.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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