California hospitals serving large minority populations were more likely than others to employ ambulance diversion

Abstract

It is well documented that racial and ethnic minority populations disproportionately use hospital emergency departments for safety-net care. But what is not known is whether emergency department crowding is disproportionately affecting minority populations and potentially aggravating existing health care disparities, including poorer outcomes for minorities. We examined ambulance diversion, a proxy measure for crowding, at 202 California hospitals. We found that hospitals serving large minority populations were more likely to divert ambulances than were hospitals with a lower proportion of minorities, even when controlling for hospital ownership, emergency department capacity, and other hospital demographic and structural factors. These findings suggest that establishing more-uniform criteria to regulate diversion may help reduce disparities in access to emergency care.

Creation of analytic cohort

Histogram of Annual Diversion Hours (N=202; “frequency” represents number of hospitals)

Exhibit 2

Boxplots of diversion hours in the 20 counties in California allowing diversion Source: Authors' analysis of California OSHPD, U.S. Census Bureau & Area Resource File data as cited above (references 26 & 27)