Risk factors for postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications after bowel resection in patients with Crohn's disease

Abstract

Background: Postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications are a serious concern with regard to postoperative morbidity and mortality in Crohn's disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical variables that potentially impact the risk of intra-abdominal septic complications in patients with Crohn's disease, as well al analyze the short-term prognosis in patients with postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications.

Design: This study is a retrospective review with the use of hospital medical records.

Settings: This investigation was conducted at a single-institution, tertiary referral center in Tokyo, Japan.

Patients: We reviewed 550 patients that had undergone 728 intestinal anastomoses during 633 operations for primary or recurrent Crohn's disease between January 2005 and December 2010. Postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications were defined as anastomotic leakage or intra-abdominal abscesses occurring within 1 month after surgery.

Main outcome measure: Twenty-four clinical variables were evaluated as potential risk factors for postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications. These factors were analyzed by use of univariate and multivariate methods.

Results: Postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications occurred in 17 cases (2.7%), with no fatalities. Of the 17 patients, 13 had anastomotic leakage and 4 had intra-abdominal abscesses. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, penetrating type (p = 0.014), operation time >180 minutes (p = 0.004), and handsewn anastomoses (p = 0.005) were significantly independent risk factors for postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications. Patients experiencing intra-abdominal septic complications had significantly higher 1-year reoperation rates (41.2%) than patients without intra-abdominal septic complications (2.3%, p < 0.0001).

Limitations: This study was limited by being a retrospective review, and the details regarding postoperative complications other than intra-abdominal septic complications were not completely available.

Conclusions: Penetrating type, operation time >180 minutes, and handsewn anastomoses significantly increased the risk of postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications in Crohn's disease. Postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications had a negative influence on the short-term outcome in Crohn's disease.