Chronic pain and addiction: challenging co-occurring disorders

Abstract

Chronic pain is commonly treated by prescribing an opioid medication. For those suffering from both chronic pain and substance dependence, barriers to adequate pain management increase. This often causes both disorders to exacerbate one another. Effective treatment may also be hampered by opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance, physical dependence, "chemical coping," and diminished physical and emotional functioning. This article reviews current research trends, potential problems stemming from prescription opioid use, and suggestions for clinical practice.