Incentive spirometry for the tracheostomy patient

Abstract

Objective: To determine the feasibility of developing and using a customized incentive spirometer device for patients who have undergone a tracheostomy procedure.

Study design: The authors performed a prospective case series approved by the institutional review board.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Subjects and methods: Patients were eligible for participation if they were older than 18 years and had a new tracheostomy. Spirometry exercises were performed using a protocol adapted from the American Academy of Respiratory Care guidelines. Patient data were recorded, including age, sex, tobacco use, surgical procedure, time under general anesthesia, length of hospital stay, and time until ambulation. The details of the spirometry exercises were also recorded along with any complications that occurred.

Results: An incentive spirometer was adapted for use with tracheostomy patients and received an investigational device exemption from the Food and Drug Administration. A total of 10 patients were enrolled (mean age 60 years). Sixty percent were current or former tobacco users, the mean anesthesia time was 9 hours, and 70% underwent a microvascular free flap reconstruction. Patients used the incentive spirometer for a mean of 1.6 days during the postoperative period, averaging 3.3 sessions per day and 6.8 breaths per session. The device was well tolerated by patients, and there were no complications associated with its use.

Conclusion: This study supports the feasibility of using a customized incentive spirometer for tracheostomy patients and establishes a safety profile for the device to be used in future studies.