Dynamic changes in DNA methylation of stress-associated genes (OXTR, BDNF ) after acute psychosocial stress

Abstract

Environmentally induced epigenetic alterations are related to mental health. We investigated quantitative DNA methylation status before and after an acute psychosocial stressor in two stress-related genes: oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF ). The cross sectional study took place at the Division of Theoretical and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Trier, Germany and was conducted from February to August 2009. We included 83 participants aged 61-67 years. Thereof, 76 participants completed the full study procedure consisting of blood sampling before (pre-stress), 10 min after (post-stress) and 90 min after (follow-up) the Trier social stress test. We assessed quantitative DNA methylation of whole-blood cells using Sequenom EpiTYPER. Methylation status differed between sampling times in one target sequence of OXTR (P<0.001): methylation increased from pre- to post-stress (P=0.009) and decreased from post-stress to follow-up (P<0.001). This decrease was also found in a second target sequence of OXTR (P=0.034), where it lost statistical significance when blood cell count was statistically controlled. We did not detect any time-associated differences in methylation status of the examined BDNF region. The results suggest a dynamic regulation of DNA methylation in OXTR-which may in part reflect changes in blood cell composition-but not BDNF after acute psychosocial stress. This may enhance the understanding of how psychosocial events alter DNA methylation and could provide new insights into the etiology of mental disorders.

Figure 1

(a) Estimated mean DNA methylation level (%5MeC) in OXTR₁ amplicons averaged across CpGs at pre-stress, post-stress, and 90 min follow-up stress assessments. Error bars are s.e. of the estimated mean. (b) Differences in individual CpG mean methylation (%5MeC) from pre-stress to post-stress and from pre-stress to follow-up. All estimates obtained from the unadjusted model. *P<0.05.

Figure 2

(a) Estimated mean DNA methylation level (%5MeC) in OXTR₂ amplicons averaged across CpGs at pre-stress, post-stress and 90 min follow-up stress assessments. Error bars are s.e. of the estimated mean. (b) Differences in individual CpG mean methylation (%5MeC) from pre-stress to post-stress and from pre-stress to follow-up. All estimates obtained from the unadjusted model. *P<0.05.

Figure 3

(a) Estimated mean DNA methylation level (%5MeC) in BDNF amplicons averaged across CpGs at pre-stress, post-stress and 90 min follow-up stress assessments. Error bars are s.e. of the estimated mean. (b) Differences in individual CpG mean methylation (%5MeC) from pre-stress to post-stress and from pre-stress to follow-up. All estimates obtained from the unadjusted model. *P<0.05.