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Review
. 2012 Dec 1;8(12):1746-57.
doi: 10.4161/hv.21689. Epub 2012 Aug 16.

Therapeutic vaccination to treat chronic infectious diseases: current clinical developments using MVA-based vaccines

Houda Boukhebza  1 , Nadine Bellon, Jean Marc Limacher, Geneviève Inchauspé
Affiliations
Review

Therapeutic vaccination to treat chronic infectious diseases: current clinical developments using MVA-based vaccines

Houda Boukhebza et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

A famous milestone in the vaccine field has been the first successful vaccination against smallpox, in 1798, by Edward Jenner. Using the vaccinia cowpox virus, Jenner was able to protect vaccinees from variola or smallpox. The Modified Virus Ankara (MVA) poxvirus strain has been one of the vaccines subsequently developed to prevent smallpox infection and was selected by the US government in their Biodefense strategy. Progress in molecular biology and immunology associated with MVA infection has led to the development of MVA as vaccine platform, both in the field of preventive and therapeutic vaccines. This later class of therapeutics has witnessed growing interest that has translated into an increasing number of vaccine candidates reaching the clinics. Among those, MVA-based therapeutic vaccines have addressed four major chronic infections including viral hepatitis, AIDS, human papillomavirus-linked pathologies and tuberculosis. Clinical trials encompass phase 1 and 2 and have started to show significant results and promises.

Keywords: clinical trials; infectious diseases; modified virus ankara; poxvirus; therapeutic vaccines.

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Figures

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Figure 1: Positioning of therapeutic vaccines: at the interface between two worlds (Capgemini LifeSciences Team Analysis 2006, with permission).
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Figure 2: Therapeutic vaccines are exploring a wide array of platforms
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Figure 3: Postulated Mechanisms of Action of TG4040. Following subcutaneous administration of TG4040, antigen presentation and priming of T-cells is foreseen to happen in lymphoid organs. Primed T-cells but also likely other cells from the innate immune system are expected to migrate to the liver and exert their effector functions, including cytolytic and/or non-cytolytic activities, and contribute to the control and/or clearance of infected hepatocytes
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Figure 4: Clinical trials (target population and time lines) performed with the MVA85A. (With permission from McShane; 2011).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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