Exploring the Relationships of Perceived Discrimination, Anger, and Aggression among North American Indigenous Adolescents

Abstract

A growing body of research has documented associations between discrimination, anger and delinquency, but the exact nature of these associations remains unclear. Specifically, do aggressive behaviors emerge over time as a consequence of perceived discrimination and anger? Or do adolescents who engage in aggressive behavior perceive that they are being discriminated against and become angry? We use autoregressive cross-lagged path analysis on a sample of 692 Indigenous adolescents (mean age=12 years) from the Northern Midwest and Canada to answer these research questions. Results showed that the direction of effects went only one way; both perceived discrimination and anger were significantly associated with subsequent aggression. Moreover, early discrimination and anger each had indirect effects on aggressive behavior three years later, and anger partially mediated the association between discrimination and aggression. Perceived discrimination is but one of many strains related to their unequal social position that these Indigenous youth experience, and have important implications for the proliferation of disparities in later life.

Figure 1

Graphic Illustrations of Conceptual Models

Figure 2

Autoregressive Cross-Lag Model

Figure 3. Path Model of Discrimination and Anger on Later Aggression (n=692)

Note: Controlling for age, gender, per capita family income, and remote location at Wave 2. χ²_(df)= 114.97₍₃₇₎. Root mean square error of approximation = .06. Comparative fit index: .93. Tucker-Lewis index: .87. Dashed lines indicate non-significant paths.