Right ventricular failure after LVAD implantation: prevention and treatment

Abstract

Right ventricular failure (RVF) complicates 20-50% of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation cases and contributes to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Normal LVAD function alters the highly compliant right ventricular (RV) physiology, which may unmask RVF. Risk scores for predicting RVF post-LVAD incorporate multiple risk factors but have not been prospectively validated. Prevention of RVF consists of optimising RV function by modifying RV preload and afterload, providing adequate intra-operative RV protection and minimising blood transfusions. Treatment of RVF relies on inotropic support, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance and adjusting LVAD flows to minimise distortion of RV geometry. RVAD insertion is a last recourse when RVF is refractory to medical treatment.