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. 2011 Jul:2:119-26.
doi: 10.2147/PROM.S19195. Epub 2011 Jun 16.

Development of a questionnaire to assess experience and preference of intranasal corticosteroids in patients with allergic rhinitis

Bruce Crawford  1 , Richard H Stanford, Audrey Y Wong, Anand A Dalal, Martha S Bayliss
Affiliations

Development of a questionnaire to assess experience and preference of intranasal corticosteroids in patients with allergic rhinitis

Bruce Crawford et al. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2011 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis affects 10%-20% of the US population. Its chronic nature, combined with patients' perceptions of safety/efficacy, administration, and sensory attributes of nasal sprays (corticosteroids), impact patient adherence to therapy. The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of experience with and preference for corticosteroid therapy for treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Questionnaire development was conducted through qualitative research including concept elicitation and content testing in 153 patients with allergic rhinitis. Patient focus groups (n = 66), in conjunction with content confirmation and saturation in additional groups (n = 87), provided research data. A literature-based conceptual framework was incorporated into the interview guide. An iterative process of data collection, analysis, and theory development yielded the conceptual framework.

Results: Consistent comments from the focus groups combined with those from cognitive debriefing interviews led to the incorporation of 14 finalized attributes into the Experience with Allergic Rhinitis Nasal Spray Questionnaire (EARNS-Q) items. Between the first and second cognitive debriefing interviews, researchers revised the EARNS-Q for retesting. Face and content validity tests indicated that the items, responses, and instructions were understood by study participants. The EARNS-Q is comprised of two modules that measure patient experience with nasal sprays (experience module), and patient preference for a nasal spray relative to another (preference module).

Conclusion: The EARNS-Q accurately measured patient experience with and preference for nasal sprays used in treating allergic rhinitis. A potential application of this questionnaire may be as a patient-reported outcomes endpoint in clinical trials of intranasal corticosteroids in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Keywords: EARNS-Q; allergic rhinitis; experience; intranasal corticosteroid; patient preference; questionnaire development.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Operationalization of preference elicitation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Allergic Rhinitis Nasal Spray Questionnaire: qualitative and quantitative research phases. Abbreviations: EARNS-Q, Experience with Allergic Rhinitis Nasal Spray Questionnaire; SES, socioeconomic status.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Conceptual framework for the Experience with Allergic Rhinitis Nasal Spray Questionnaire (illustrated with items from experience module).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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