Feline physiotherapy and rehabilitation: 2. clinical application

Abstract

Practical relevance: There is an increasing demand for effective postoperative and post-injury rehabilitation for any cat with compromised physical function due to injury, surgery or disease.

Clinical challenges: The design of a suitable rehabilitation programme that will assist the recovery process, as well as ensure the return of neuromusculoskeletal control to the highest levels of function possible, requires a good understanding of feline behaviour, accurate assessment of the cat's condition and the correct implementation of a range of physiotherapeutic modalities.

Audience: This two-part review article is directed at the primary care veterinary team. The clinical application of a variety of physiotherapeutic modalities in the rehabilitation of cats is examined in this second part.

Evidence base: Although evidence supporting the benefits of physiotherapy and rehabilitation with cats is sparse, many techniques, treatments and rehabilitation regimens successfully used on human patients are being readily adapted for animal use. Treatment recommendations described in this review are primarily based on the author's experience, and that of colleagues, except where specific reference is made to published evidence.

Figure 1

Passive movements in this case flexion of the right shoulder, elbow and carpal joints help to maintain joint and muscle range of motion (ROM)

Figure 2

Effleurage massage is effective at reducing swelling from limbs

Figure 3

Slings or harnesses can be useful to allow early mobilisation

Figure 4

Three-legged standing is a useful balance exercise that can be introduced as the cat’s condition and weightbearing status improve

Figure 5

Deep massage can be effective in the prevention of quadriceps contracture by breaking down adhesions and maintaining muscle pliability

Figure 6

Mobilisations being performed on the thoracic spine to improve joint mobility

Figure 7

A physio-roll provides a useful means to support a cat comfortably in the standing position

Figure 8

‘Bicycling’ exercises performed on the limbs can help with gait re-education through the repetitive activation of specific neural pathways. In addition to motor relearning, bicycling is also useful for balance retraining

Figure 9

Correct positioning of the ICU patient, with the use of pillows or foam wedges for support, is important to prevent respiratory and physical problems associated with recumbency. Courtesy of Sophie Adamantos

Figure 10

Toys can provide the therapist with opportunities for ‘hands-off’ rehabilitation. Feathers attached to string (a) or toy mice (b) encourage the cat to display its natural predatory behaviours of swatting, grasping, stalking and pouncing