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. 2012:2012:817814.
doi: 10.1155/2012/817814. Epub 2012 Aug 8.

The Effects of Cosmos caudatus on Structural Bone Histomorphometry in Ovariectomized Rats

Norazlina Mohamed  1 , Sharon Gwee Sian Khee, Ahmad Nazrun Shuid, Norliza Muhammad, Farihah Suhaimi, Faizah Othman, Abdul Salam Babji, Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman
Affiliations

The Effects of Cosmos caudatus on Structural Bone Histomorphometry in Ovariectomized Rats

Norazlina Mohamed et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012.

Abstract

Osteoporosis is considered a serious debilitating disease. Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja), a plant containing antioxidant compounds and minerals, may be used to treat and prevent osteoporosis. This study determines the effectiveness of C. caudatus as bone protective agent in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. Thirty-two female rats, aged 3 months old, were divided into 4 groups. Group one was sham operated (sham) while group two was ovariectomized. These two groups were given ionized water by forced feeding. Groups three and four were ovariectomized and given calcium 1% ad libitum and force-fed with C. caudatus at the dose of 500 mg/kg, respectively. Treatments were given six days per week for a period of eight weeks. Body weight was monitored every week and structural bone histomorphometry analyses of the femur bones were performed. Ovariectomy decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), decreased trabecular number (Tb.N), and increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Both calcium 1% and 500 mg/kg C. caudatus reversed the above structural bone histomorphometric parameters to normal level. C. caudatus shows better effect compared to calcium 1% on trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Therefore, Cosmos caudatus 500 mg/kg has the potential to act as the therapeutic agent to restore bone damage in postmenopausal women.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Body weight of rats for all treatment groups. *Indicates significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to SO group. SO, sham operated; Ovx, ovariectomized; CC, ovariectomized and supplemented with 500 mg/kg Cosmos caudatus; Ca, ovariectomized and supplemented with 1% calcium.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Photomicrographs of trabecular bone. Undecalcified section (100 x magnification) shows trabecular bone (stained black) using von Kossa method. SO, sham operated; Ovx, ovariectomized; CC, ovariectomized and supplemented with 500 mg/kg Cosmos caudatus; Ca, ovariectomized and supplemented with 1% calcium.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of Cosmos caudatus supplementation on bone volume in ovariectomized rats. Groups which share the same alphabet indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). SO, sham operated; Ovx, ovariectomized; CC, ovariectomized and supplemented with 500 mg/kg Cosmos caudatus; Ca, ovariectomized and supplemented with 1% calcium.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of Cosmos caudatus supplementation on trabecular separation in ovariectomized rats. Groups which share the same alphabet indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). SO, sham operated; Ovx, ovariectomized; CC, ovariectomized and supplemented with 500 mg/kg Cosmos caudatus; Ca, ovariectomized and supplemented with 1% calcium.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of Cosmos caudatus supplementation on trabecular number in ovariectomized rats. Groups which share the same alphabet indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). SO, sham operated; Ovx, ovariectomized; CC, ovariectomized and supplemented with 500 mg/kg Cosmos caudatus; Ca, ovariectomized and supplemented with 1% calcium.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of Cosmos caudatus supplementation on trabecular thickness in ovariectomized rats. SO, sham operated; Ovx, ovariectomized; CC, ovariectomized and supplemented with 500 mg/kg Cosmos caudatus; Ca, ovariectomized and supplemented with 1% calcium.
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