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. 2012:(214):43-74.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.214.3291. Epub 2012 Aug 7.

Description of a new species of coral-inhabiting barnacle, Darwiniella angularis sp. n. (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatidae) from Taiwan

Yi-Yang Chen  1 , Hsiu-Chin Lin, Benny K K Chan
Affiliations

Description of a new species of coral-inhabiting barnacle, Darwiniella angularis sp. n. (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatidae) from Taiwan

Yi-Yang Chen et al. Zookeys. 2012.

Abstract

The present study has identified a new species from the previously monotypic genus Darwiniella Anderson, 1992. Darwiniella angularissp. n. is similar to Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) in external shell morphology and arthropodal characters. Darwiniella conjugatum, however, has a sharper tergal spur and a less obvious adductor plate angle when compared to Darwiniella angularissp. n. Molecular analyses on mitochondrial DNA 12S rDNA and COI regions also support the morphological differences. Sequence divergences in 12S rDNA and COI between Darwiniella conjugatum and Darwiniella angularissp. n. are 5% and 13% respectively, which are equivalent to the inter-specific sequence divergences in other barnacles. Both Darwiniella species are common on Cyphastrea Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848 corals and Darwiniella angularissp. n. is also collected from Astreopora de Blainville, 1830 corals in Taiwan.

Keywords: Barnacles; Corals; Pyrgomatidae; Symbiosis; cryptic diversity; host-specificity.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Collection sites of coral-inhabiting barnacle Darwiniella in Taiwan.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Hard parts of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. A Dorsal view of shell (NMNS-6878-001) B Ventral view of shell (NMNS-6878-001) C Dorsal view of fused scutum and tergum (NMNS-6878-001) D Ventral view of fused scutum and tergum (NMNS-6878-001) E Dorsal view of fused scutum and tergum (ASIZCR000203) F Ventral view of fused scutum and tergum (ASIZCR000203) G Dorsal view of fused scutum and tergum (additional individual, CEL-RYU-13-3) H Ventral view of fused scutum and tergum (additional individual, CEL-RYU-13-3). (AP: adductor plate, AA: adductor plate angle, SP: spur, scale bar: μm). Note the AA and SP of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. distinguish it from Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) (see Figure 10).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Oral cone of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. A Maxilla (NMNS-6878-001) B Serrulate setae on apex C Serrulate setae on inferior margin D Maxillule (NMNS-6878-001) E Simple setae on posterior margin F Large simple setae on cutting edge G Maxillule (additional specimen, ASIZCR000202) H Maxillule (additional specimen, CEL-TI-9-10). (scale bar: μm)
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Oral cone of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. A Mandible (NMNS-6878-001) B Bidentate second tooth C Inferior angle with simple seta D Mandible (additional specimen, ASIZCR000202) E Inferior angle with simple seta F Mandible (additional specimen, CEL-TI-9-10) G Inferior angle with simple seta H Mandible (additional specimen, ASIZCR000204). (scale bar: μm)
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Oral cone of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. A Mandibular palp (NMNS-6878-001) B Serrulate setae on inferior margin C Serrulate setae distally D Labrum (NMNS-6878-001) E Teeth on labrum F Teeth on labrum G Labrum (additional specimen, CEL-TI-9-10) H Labrum (additional specimen, ASIZCR000202). (scale bar: μm)
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Line drawing of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. A Cirrus I B Cirrus II C Cirrus III D Cirrus IV E Cirrus V F Cirrus VI. (scale bar: μm)
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Cirri of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. A Cirrus I (NMNS-6878-001) B Serrulate setae on anterior ramus C Serrulate setae on anterior ramus apex D Serrulate setae on posterior ramus apex E  Cirrus II (CEL-TI-1-7) F Serrulate setae on posterior ramus G Serrulate setae on anterior ramus apex H Serrulate setae on posterior ramus base. (scale bar: μm)
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Cirri of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. A Cirrus III (NMNS-6878-001) B Serrulate setae on anterior ramus C Serrulate setae distally D Serrulate setae on posterior ramus E Cirrus IV (NMNS-6878-001) F Intermediate segment with 4 pairs of serrulate setae G Intermediate segment with serrulate setae H Serrulate setae distally. (scale bar: μm)
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Cirri and penis of Darwiniella angularis sp. n. A Cirrus V (NMNS-6878-001) B Serrulate setae on apex C Intermediate segment with 4 pairs of serrulate setae D Cirrus VI (NMNS-6878-001) E  Serrulate setae distally F Intermediate segment with 4 pairs of serrulate setae G Penis (CEL-TI-9-10) H Basi-dorsal point of penis I Apex of penis. (scale bar: μm)
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Hard parts of Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) (CEL-RYU-28-1, CEL-RYU-47-4, CEL-RYU-170-1) A Dorsal view of shell B Ventral view of shell C Dorsal view of fused scutum and tergum D Ventral view of fused scutum and tergum E Horizontal striations on dorsal surface of scutum F Occludent margin base and rostral tooth. (AP: adductor plate, AA: adductor plate angle, SP: spur, scale bar: μm)
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Oral cone of Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) A Maxilla (CEL-RYU-28-2) B Serrulate setae on apex C Serrulate setae on inferior margin D Maxillule (CEL-RYU-28-2) E Large simple type setae on cutting edge F Maxillule (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-28-1) G Maxillule (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-38-4) H Maxillule (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-66-1). (scale bar: μm)
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Oral cone of Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) A Mandible (CEL-RYU-28-1) B Bidentate second tooth C Bidentate third and fourth tooth D Inferior angle with simple type seta E  Mandible (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-170-1) F Mandible (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-66-1) G Mandible (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-38-4) H Mandible (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-28-2). (scale bar: μm)
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Oral cone of Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) A Mandibular palp (CEL-RYU-66-1) B Serrulate setae distally C Serrulate setae on inferior margin D Labrum (CEL-RYU-38-4) E Teeth on labrum F Teeth on labrum G Labrum (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-66-1) H Labrum (additional specimen, CEL-RYU-28-1). (scale bar: μm)
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
Line drawing of Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) A Cirrus I B Cirrus II C Cirrus III D Cirrus IV E Cirrus V F Cirrus VI. (scale bar: μm).
Figure 15.
Figure 15.
Cirri of Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) A Cirrus I (CEL-RYU-28-2) B Serrulate setae on anterior ramus apex C Serrulate setae on anterior ramus D Serrulate setae on posterior ramus apex E Cirrus II (CEL-RYU-28-2) F Serrulate setae on anterior ramus apex G Serrulate setae on anterior ramus H Serrulate setae on posterior ramus apex. (scale bar: μm)
Figure 16.
Figure 16.
Cirri of Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) A Cirrus III (CEL-RYU-28-2) B Serrulate setae on posterior ramus C Serrulate setae on posterior ramus D Serrulate setae distally E Cirrus IV (CEL-RYU-28-2) F Serrulate setae on apex G Intermediate segment with 4 pairs of serrulate setae H Intermediate segment with serrulate setae. (scale bar: μm)
Figure 17.
Figure 17.
Cirri and penis of Darwiniella conjugatum (Darwin, 1854) A Cirrus V (CEL-RYU-28-2) B Serrulate setae on apex C Cirrus VI (CEL-RYU-28-2) D Intermediate segment with 4 pairs of serrulate setae E Intermediate segment with 4 pairs of serrulate setae F Serrulate setae on apex G Penis (CEL-RYU-170-1) H apex of penis I Basidorsal point of penis. (scale bar: μm)
Figure 18.
Figure 18.
Neighbor-Joining method inferred genealogical relationships of Darwiniella specimens based on 472bp 12S and 642bp COI with Hiroa stubbingsi as the outgroup. Numbers above the major nodes are bootstrap values of 1000 replicates.
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References

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