Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comment
. 2012 Dec;36(8):890-4.
doi: 10.1002/gepi.21671. Epub 2012 Aug 31.

Loss of power in two-stage residual-outcome regression analysis in genetic association studies

Affiliations
Comment

Loss of power in two-stage residual-outcome regression analysis in genetic association studies

Ronglin Che et al. Genet Epidemiol. 2012 Dec.
No abstract available

Keywords: degrees of freedom; loss of power; two-stage regression.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A comparison of test statistics ( and *) and parameters (F and F*) in multiple linear regression (MLR) and two-stage residual-outcome regression (2SR) across 1,000 replicates. ( RSC2 is the mean of RSC2 for each row, across all replicates.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A comparison of multiple linear regression (MLR) and two-stage residual-outcome regression (2SR) analysis in terms of power across 100,000 replicates with 20 covariates and sample size of 500.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Power of multiple linear regression (MLR) and two-stage residual-outcome regression (2SR) analysis in a simulated example with 1 SNP + 3 confounders + 3 covariates. ( RSC2 is the mean of RSC2 for each row, across all replicates.)

Comment on

References

    1. Choy E, Yelensky R, Bonakdar S, Plenge RM, Saxena R, De Jager PL, Shaw SY, Wolfish CS, Slavik JM, Cotsapas C, Rivas M, Dermitzakis ET, Cahir-McFarland E, Kieff E, Hafler D, Daly MJ, Altshuler D. Genetic analysis of human traits in vitro: drug response and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines. PLoS Genet. 2008;4(11):e1000287. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Demissie S, Cupples LA. Bias due to two-stage residual-outcome regression analysis in genetic association studies. Genet Epidemiol. 2011;35(7):592–596. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kleinbaum DG. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. Australia; Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole; 2007.
    1. Slager SL, Iturria SJ. Genome-wide linkage analysis of systolic blood pressure: a comparison of two approaches to phenotype definition. BMC Genet. 2003;4(Suppl 1):S13. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zeegers M, Rijsdijk F, Sham P. Adjusting for covariates in variance components QTL linkage analysis. Behav Genet. 2004;34(2):127–133. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources