New perspectives in the care of Parkinson disease

Abstract

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Since the initial description of PD, clinical evaluation and management has focused on the motor signs and symptoms. Recent advances in our knowledge of neurologic involvement has led to a new emphasis on a broad spectrum of clinical features prompting the development of guidelines by the American Academy of Neurology for ongoing care of patients with PD. This review will touch on the historical aspects and traditional management of PD and discuss the latest recommendations for evaluation and care of PD patients. A broadened understanding of the multisystem nature of PD will enable physicians to improve the care and quality of life of their patients.

Figure 1

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, present in discreet neural pathways within the brain, one of which is from the substantia nigra to the caudate and putamen. The depletion of DA in the brains of rodents causes symptoms similar to those of PD.