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. 2011 Feb;2(1):37-44.
doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1267085.

Spinal cord injury and quality of life: a systematic review of outcome measures

Jefferson R Wilson  1 , Robin E Hashimoto, Joseph R Dettori, Michael G Fehlings
Affiliations

Spinal cord injury and quality of life: a systematic review of outcome measures

Jefferson R Wilson et al. Evid Based Spine Care J. 2011 Feb.

Abstract

Study design: Systematic review.

Study rationale: According to current estimates, there are more than 1 million people living with a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States alone. Given the potentially devastating impact of SCI on health-related quality of life (QoL), we sought to gain an improved understanding of QoL outcomes in SCI.

Objective: To identify and describe common QoL outcomes measures in patients with SCI.

Methods: A systematic review of the English-language literature was undertaken for articles published from 1998 through December 2010. Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched to identify measures or indices used to evaluate QoL outcomes in patients with SCI. The titles and abstracts of the SCI peer-reviewed literature were searched to determine which of these outcome measures were most commonly used to evaluate QoL in patients with SCI.

Results: We identified 27 outcome measures used to evaluate QoL in patients with SCI. In SCI literature, the six most commonly used objective outcome measures were the Short-form 36 (SF-36); Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART); Short-form 12 (SF-12); Sickness Impact Profile (SIP68); Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL); and Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). The six subjective measures that were most frequently used were the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS); Quality of Life Index (QLI); Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LISAT-9/-1); World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scale (WHOQOL-BREF); Perceived Quality of Life (PQOL); and global QoL. All six objective measures have been validated in an SCI population, and four of the six subjective measures have been similarly validated. Three of each of the objective and subjective measures have been reliability tested in a population with SCI.

Conclusion: In addition to neurological and functional changes after SCI, QoL outcomes should be routinely assessed. Choice of appropriate QoL measure should be influenced by the study objectives and design, as well as the psychometric properties of the particular measure within the context of SCI.

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Conflict of interest statement

This systematic review was funded by AOSpine

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Common measures used to evaluate quality of life (QoL) outcomes in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI): number of SCI studies* using each measure†.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health (ICF)
    1. Dijkers M P. Individualization in quality of life measurement: instruments and approaches. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(4) 02:S3–14. - PubMed
    1. Introduction to the Community Integration QuestionnaireAvailable at:www.tbims.org/combi/ciq/Accessed December 17, 2010
    1. CIQ SyllabusAvailable at:www.tbims.org/combi/ciq/ciqsyl.htmlAccessed December 17, 2010
    1. Craig Hospital Disability Research Instruments: Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique-”CHART.”Available at:www.craighospital.org/research/CHART.aspAccessed December 16, 2010