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. 2009 Nov 3;50(23):5549-5558.
doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.044.

Synthesis and Thermomechanical Behavior of (Qua)ternary Thiol-ene(/acrylate) Copolymers

Scott Kasprzak  1 , Blanton Martin, Tulika Raj, Ken Gall
Affiliations

Synthesis and Thermomechanical Behavior of (Qua)ternary Thiol-ene(/acrylate) Copolymers

Scott Kasprzak et al. Polymer (Guildf). .

Abstract

The objective of this work is to characterize and understand the structure-to-thermo-mechanical property relationship in thiol-ene and thiol-ene/acrylate copolymers in order to complement the existing studies on the kinetics of this polymerization reaction. Forty-one distinct three- and four-part mixtures were created with systematically varied functionality, chemical structure, type and concentration of crosslinker. The resulting polymers were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing at their glass transition temperature, T(g), to quantify and understand their thermomechanical properties. The copolymer systems exhibited a broad range of T(g), rubbery modulus - E(r) and failure strain. The addition of a difunctional high-T(g) acrylate to several three-part systems increased the resultant T(g) and E(r). Higher crosslink densities generally resulted in higher stress and lower strain at failure. The tunability of the thermomechanical properties of these copolymer systems is discussed in terms of inherent advantages and limitations in light of pure acrylate systems.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Thiol-ene reaction schematic.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of studied monomers. a) 1,3-propanedithiol (PDT), b) trimethylolpropane diallyl ether (TMPDAE), c) pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), d) 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine- 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TATATO), e) Bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate, Mn 512 (BPAEDA(512))
Figure 3
Figure 3
Progression of storage modulus for thiol-crosslinked ternary mixtures, by tfmol% crosslinker.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Progression of storage modulus for -ene-crosslinked ternary mixtures, by efmol% crosslinker.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Glass transition temperatures for various ternary mixtures of TMPDAE and PDT with either PETMP or TATATO.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Rubbery moduli for various ternary mixtures of TMPDAE and PDT with either PETMP or TATATO.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Glass transition temperatures for (qua)ternary mixtures of thiol-ene/acrylate with various concentrations of acrylate added to the base thiol or –ene crosslinked system.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Rubbery moduli for (qua)ternary mixtures of thiol-ene/acrylate with various concentrations of acrylate added to the base thiol or –ene crosslinked system.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(top left) Example FTIR spectra (top right) sample area used for peak calculation and (bottom) C=C conversion for various mixtures.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Sol-fraction mass loss for six tested mixtures.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Stress-strain behaviors for various thiol-ene/acrylate mixtures.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Failure stress for (qua)ternary mixtures of thiol-ene/acrylate with various concentrations of acrylate added to the base thiol or –ene crosslinked system.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Failure strain for (qua)ternary mixtures of thiol-ene/acrylate with various concentrations of acrylate added to the base thiol or –ene crosslinked system. Inset: low strain detail.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Failure strain versus “molecular weight between crosslinks” following results of reference [35] for (qua)ternary mixtures of thiol-ene/acrylate with various concentrations of acrylate added to the base thiol or –ene crosslinked system.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Failure stress versus “molecular weight between crosslinks” following results of reference [35] for (qua)ternary mixtures of thiol-ene/acrylate with various concentrations of acrylate added to the base thiol or –ene crosslinked system.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Failure strain versus rubbery modulus following results of reference [35] for (qua)ternary mixtures of thiol-ene/acrylate with various concentrations of acrylate added to the base thiol or –ene crosslinked system.
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