Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2012 Aug;30(3):771-94.
doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2012.06.003.

Intracranial hemorrhage

J Alfredo Caceres  1 , Joshua N Goldstein
Affiliations
Review

Intracranial hemorrhage

J Alfredo Caceres et al. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2012 Aug.

Abstract

Intracranial hemorrhage refers to any bleeding within the intracranial vault, including the brain parenchyma and surrounding meningeal spaces. This article focuses on the acute diagnosis and management of primary nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the emergency department.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
ABC/2 Technique
Figure 2
Figure 2
Computed Tomography (CT) and CT angiography of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. (A) Noncontrast CT shows a right thalamic intracerebral hemorrhage (24mL) with associated intraventricular hemorrhage (6mL). (B) CT angriography demonstrates 3 foci of contrast (spot signs) within the intracerebral hemorrhage (arrowheads) (C). Delayed CT angiography shows increased volume and changed morphology of the spot signs (arrowheads). (D) Noncontrast CT after 8 hours demonstrates expansion of the intracerebral hemorrhage (94ml) and intraventricular hemorrhage (82 mL). (Reproduced from [32])
Figure 3
Figure 3
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the left Sylvian fissure, sulci of the left hemisphere, and along the left and central aspect of the suprasellar cistern, left ambient cistern, and interpenduncular cistern.
Figure 4
Figure 4
3D reconstruction CTA on the same patient from Figure 3. An aneurysmal sac is appreciated at the distal M1 segment of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. van Asch CJJ, et al. Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Neurology. 2010;9(2):167–176. - PubMed
    1. Aguilar MI, Freeman WD. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Semin Neurol. 2010;30(5):555–64. - PubMed
    1. Broderick J, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adults. Stroke. 2007;38(6):2001–2023. - PubMed
    1. Elliott J, Smith M. The Acute Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Clinical Review. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2010;110(5):1419–1427. - PubMed
    1. Feigin VL, et al. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. The Lancet Neurology. 2009;8(4):355–369. - PubMed