doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.062002.
Epub 2012 Aug 10.
Measurement of the proton-air cross section at √s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory
P Abreu
1
, M Aglietta, E J Ahn, I F M Albuquerque, D Allard, I Allekotte, J Allen, P Allison, A Almeda, J Alvarez Castillo, J Alvarez-Muñiz, M Ambrosio, A Aminaei, L Anchordoqui, S Andringa, T Antičić, C Aramo, E Arganda, F Arqueros, H Asorey, P Assis, J Aublin, M Ave, M Avenier, G Avila, T Bäcker, M Balzer, K B Barber, A F Barbosa, R Bardenet, S L C Barroso, B Baughman, J Bäuml, J J Beatty, B R Becker, K H Becker, A Bellétoile, J A Bellido, S Benzvi, C Berat, X Bertou, P L Biermann, P Billoir, F Blanco, M Blanco, C Bleve, H Blümer, M Boháčová, D Boncioli, C Bonifazi, R Bonino, N Borodai, J Brack, P Brogueira, W C Brown, R Bruijn, P Buchholz, A Bueno, R E Burton, K S Caballero-Mora, L Caramete, R Caruso, A Castellina, O Catalano, G Cataldi, L Cazon, R Cester, J Chauvin, S H Cheng, A Chiavassa, J A Chinellato, J Chirinos Diaz, J Chudoba, R W Clay, M R Coluccia, R Conceição, F Contreras, H Cook, M J Cooper, J Coppens, A Cordier, S Coutu, C E Covault, A Creusot, A Criss, J Cronin, A Curutiu, S Dagoret-Campagne, R Dallier, S Dasso, K Daumiller, B R Dawson, R M de Almeida, M De Domenico, C De Donato, S J de Jong, G De La Vega, W J M de Mello Junior, J R T de Mello Neto, I De Mitri, V de Souza, K D de Vries, G Decerprit, L del Peral, M del Río, O Deligny, H Dembinski, N Dhital, C Di Giulio, M L Díaz Castro, P N Diep, C Dobrigkeit, W Docters, J C D'Olivo, P N Dong, A Dorofeev, J C dos Anjos, M T Dova, D D'Urso, I Dutan, J Ebr, R Engel, M Erdmann, C O Escobar, J Espadanal, A Etchegoyen, P Facal San Luis, I Fajardo Tapia, H Falcke, G Farrar, A C Fauth, N Fazzini, A P Ferguson, A Ferrero, B Fick, A Filevich, A Filipčič, S Fliescher, C E Fracchiolla, E D Fraenkel, U Fröhlich, B Fuchs, R Gaior, R F Gamarra, S Gambetta, B García, D Garcia-Gamez, D Garcia-Pinto, A Gascon, H Gemmeke, K Gesterling, P L Ghia, U Giaccari, M Giller, H Glass, M S Gold, G Golup, F Gomez Albarracin, M Gómez Berisso, P Gonçalves, D Gonzalez, J G Gonzalez, B Gookin, D Góra, A Gorgi, P Gouffon, S R Gozzini, E Grashorn, S Grebe, N Griffith, M Grigat, A F Grillo, Y Guardincerri, F Guarino, G P Guedes, A Guzman, J D Hague, P Hansen, D Harari, S Harmsma, T A Harrison, J L Harton, A Haungs, T Hebbeker, D Heck, A E Herve, C Hojvat, N Hollon, V C Holmes, P Homola, J R Hörandel, A Horneffer, P Horvath, M Hrabovský, T Huege, A Insolia, F Ionita, A Italiano, C Jarne, S Jiraskova, M Josebachuili, K Kadija, K H Kampert, P Karhan, P Kasper, B Kégl, B Keilhauer, A Keivani, J L Kelley, E Kemp, R M Kieckhafer, H O Klages, M Kleifges, J Kleinfeller, J Knapp, D-H Koang, K Kotera, N Krohm, O Krömer, D Kruppke-Hansen, F Kuehn, D Kuempel, J K Kulbartz, N Kunka, G La Rosa, C Lachaud, R Lauer, P Lautridou, S Le Coz, M S A B Leão, D Lebrun, P Lebrun, M A Leigui de Oliveira, A Lemiere, A Letessier-Selvon, I Lhenry-Yvon, K Link, R López, A Lopez Agüera, K Louedec, J Lozano Bahilo, L Lu, A Lucero, M Ludwig, H Lyberis, C Macolino, S Maldera, D Mandat, P Mantsch, A G Mariazzi, J Marin, V Marin, I C Maris, H R Marquez Falcon, G Marsella, D Martello, L Martin, H Martinez, O Martínez Bravo, H J Mathes, J Matthews, J A J Matthews, G Matthiae, D Maurizio, P O Mazur, G Medina-Tanco, M Melissas, D Melo, E Menichetti, A Menshikov, P Mertsch, C Meurer, S Mićanović, M I Micheletti, W Miller, L Miramonti, L Molina-Bueno, S Mollerach, M Monasor, D Monnier Ragaigne, F Montanet, B Morales, C Morello, E Moreno, J C Moreno, C Morris, M Mostafá, C A Moura, S Mueller, M A Muller, G Müller, M Münchmeyer, R Mussa, G Navarra, J L Navarro, S Navas, P Necesal, L Nellen, A Nelles, J Neuser, P T Nhung, L Niemietz, N Nierstenhoefer, D Nitz, D Nosek, L Nožka, M Nyklicek, J Oehlschläger, A Olinto, V M Olmos-Gilbaja, M Ortiz, N Pacheco, D Pakk Selmi-Dei, M Palatka, J Pallotta, N Palmieri, G Parente, E Parizot, A Parra, R D Parsons, S Pastor, T Paul, M Pech, J Pekala, R Pelayo, I M Pepe, L Perrone, R Pesce, E Petermann, S Petrera, P Petrinca, A Petrolini, Y Petrov, J Petrovic, C Pfendner, N Phan, R Piegaia, T Pierog, P Pieroni, M Pimenta, V Pirronello, M Platino, V H Ponce, M Pontz, P Privitera, M Prouza, E J Quel, S Querchfeld, J Rautenberg, O Ravel, D Ravignani, B Revenu, J Ridky, S Riggi, M Risse, P Ristori, H Rivera, V Rizi, J Roberts, C Robledo, W Rodrigues de Carvalho, G Rodriguez, J Rodriguez Martino, J Rodriguez Rojo, I Rodriguez-Cabo, M D Rodríguez-Frías, G Ros, J Rosado, T Rossler, M Roth, B Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E Roulet, A C Rovero, C Rühle, F Salamida, H Salazar, F Salesa Greus, G Salina, F Sánchez, C E Santo, E Santos, E M Santos, F Sarazin, B Sarkar, S Sarkar, R Sato, N Scharf, V Scherini, H Schieler, P Schiffer, A Schmidt, O Scholten, H Schoorlemmer, J Schovancova, P Schovánek, F Schröder, S Schulte, D Schuster, S J Sciutto, M Scuderi, A Segreto, M Settimo, A Shadkam, R C Shellard, I Sidelnik, G Sigl, H H Silva Lopez, A Smiałkowski, R Smída, G R Snow, P Sommers, J Sorokin, H Spinka, R Squartini, S Stanic, J Stapleton, J Stasielak, M Stephan, A Stutz, F Suarez, T Suomijärvi, A D Supanitsky, T Suša, M S Sutherland, J Swain, Z Szadkowski, M Szuba, A Tamashiro, A Tapia, M Tartare, O Taşcău, C G Tavera Ruiz, R Tcaciuc, D Tegolo, N T Thao, D Thomas, J Tiffenberg, C Timmermans, D K Tiwari, W Tkaczyk, C J Todero Peixoto, B Tomé, A Tonachini, P Travnicek, D B Tridapalli, G Tristram, E Trovato, M Tueros, R Ulrich, M Unger, M Urban, J F Valdés Galicia, I Valiño, L Valore, A M van den Berg, E Varela, B Vargas Cárdenas, J R Vázquez, R A Vázquez, D Veberič, V Verzi, J Vicha, M Videla, L Villaseñor, H Wahlberg, P Wahrlich, O Wainberg, D Walz, D Warner, A A Watson, M Weber, K Weidenhaupt, A Weindl, S Westerhoff, B J Whelan, G Wieczorek, L Wiencke, B Wilczyńska, H Wilczyński, M Will, C Williams, T Winchen, M G Winnick, M Wommer, B Wundheiler, T Yamamoto, T Yapici, P Younk, G Yuan, A Yushkov, B Zamorano, E Zas, D Zavrtanik, M Zavrtanik, I Zaw, A Zepeda, Y Zhu, M Zimbres Silva, M Ziolkowski; Pierre Auger Collaboration
Affiliations
Affiliation
- 1 LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- PMID: 23006259
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.062002
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Measurement of the proton-air cross section at √s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory
P Abreu et al.
Phys Rev Lett.
.
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Format
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.062002.
Epub 2012 Aug 10.
Authors
P Abreu
1
, M Aglietta, E J Ahn, I F M Albuquerque, D Allard, I Allekotte, J Allen, P Allison, A Almeda, J Alvarez Castillo, J Alvarez-Muñiz, M Ambrosio, A Aminaei, L Anchordoqui, S Andringa, T Antičić, C Aramo, E Arganda, F Arqueros, H Asorey, P Assis, J Aublin, M Ave, M Avenier, G Avila, T Bäcker, M Balzer, K B Barber, A F Barbosa, R Bardenet, S L C Barroso, B Baughman, J Bäuml, J J Beatty, B R Becker, K H Becker, A Bellétoile, J A Bellido, S Benzvi, C Berat, X Bertou, P L Biermann, P Billoir, F Blanco, M Blanco, C Bleve, H Blümer, M Boháčová, D Boncioli, C Bonifazi, R Bonino, N Borodai, J Brack, P Brogueira, W C Brown, R Bruijn, P Buchholz, A Bueno, R E Burton, K S Caballero-Mora, L Caramete, R Caruso, A Castellina, O Catalano, G Cataldi, L Cazon, R Cester, J Chauvin, S H Cheng, A Chiavassa, J A Chinellato, J Chirinos Diaz, J Chudoba, R W Clay, M R Coluccia, R Conceição, F Contreras, H Cook, M J Cooper, J Coppens, A Cordier, S Coutu, C E Covault, A Creusot, A Criss, J Cronin, A Curutiu, S Dagoret-Campagne, R Dallier, S Dasso, K Daumiller, B R Dawson, R M de Almeida, M De Domenico, C De Donato, S J de Jong, G De La Vega, W J M de Mello Junior, J R T de Mello Neto, I De Mitri, V de Souza, K D de Vries, G Decerprit, L del Peral, M del Río, O Deligny, H Dembinski, N Dhital, C Di Giulio, M L Díaz Castro, P N Diep, C Dobrigkeit, W Docters, J C D'Olivo, P N Dong, A Dorofeev, J C dos Anjos, M T Dova, D D'Urso, I Dutan, J Ebr, R Engel, M Erdmann, C O Escobar, J Espadanal, A Etchegoyen, P Facal San Luis, I Fajardo Tapia, H Falcke, G Farrar, A C Fauth, N Fazzini, A P Ferguson, A Ferrero, B Fick, A Filevich, A Filipčič, S Fliescher, C E Fracchiolla, E D Fraenkel, U Fröhlich, B Fuchs, R Gaior, R F Gamarra, S Gambetta, B García, D Garcia-Gamez, D Garcia-Pinto, A Gascon, H Gemmeke, K Gesterling, P L Ghia, U Giaccari, M Giller, H Glass, M S Gold, G Golup, F Gomez Albarracin, M Gómez Berisso, P Gonçalves, D Gonzalez, J G Gonzalez, B Gookin, D Góra, A Gorgi, P Gouffon, S R Gozzini, E Grashorn, S Grebe, N Griffith, M Grigat, A F Grillo, Y Guardincerri, F Guarino, G P Guedes, A Guzman, J D Hague, P Hansen, D Harari, S Harmsma, T A Harrison, J L Harton, A Haungs, T Hebbeker, D Heck, A E Herve, C Hojvat, N Hollon, V C Holmes, P Homola, J R Hörandel, A Horneffer, P Horvath, M Hrabovský, T Huege, A Insolia, F Ionita, A Italiano, C Jarne, S Jiraskova, M Josebachuili, K Kadija, K H Kampert, P Karhan, P Kasper, B Kégl, B Keilhauer, A Keivani, J L Kelley, E Kemp, R M Kieckhafer, H O Klages, M Kleifges, J Kleinfeller, J Knapp, D-H Koang, K Kotera, N Krohm, O Krömer, D Kruppke-Hansen, F Kuehn, D Kuempel, J K Kulbartz, N Kunka, G La Rosa, C Lachaud, R Lauer, P Lautridou, S Le Coz, M S A B Leão, D Lebrun, P Lebrun, M A Leigui de Oliveira, A Lemiere, A Letessier-Selvon, I Lhenry-Yvon, K Link, R López, A Lopez Agüera, K Louedec, J Lozano Bahilo, L Lu, A Lucero, M Ludwig, H Lyberis, C Macolino, S Maldera, D Mandat, P Mantsch, A G Mariazzi, J Marin, V Marin, I C Maris, H R Marquez Falcon, G Marsella, D Martello, L Martin, H Martinez, O Martínez Bravo, H J Mathes, J Matthews, J A J Matthews, G Matthiae, D Maurizio, P O Mazur, G Medina-Tanco, M Melissas, D Melo, E Menichetti, A Menshikov, P Mertsch, C Meurer, S Mićanović, M I Micheletti, W Miller, L Miramonti, L Molina-Bueno, S Mollerach, M Monasor, D Monnier Ragaigne, F Montanet, B Morales, C Morello, E Moreno, J C Moreno, C Morris, M Mostafá, C A Moura, S Mueller, M A Muller, G Müller, M Münchmeyer, R Mussa, G Navarra, J L Navarro, S Navas, P Necesal, L Nellen, A Nelles, J Neuser, P T Nhung, L Niemietz, N Nierstenhoefer, D Nitz, D Nosek, L Nožka, M Nyklicek, J Oehlschläger, A Olinto, V M Olmos-Gilbaja, M Ortiz, N Pacheco, D Pakk Selmi-Dei, M Palatka, J Pallotta, N Palmieri, G Parente, E Parizot, A Parra, R D Parsons, S Pastor, T Paul, M Pech, J Pekala, R Pelayo, I M Pepe, L Perrone, R Pesce, E Petermann, S Petrera, P Petrinca, A Petrolini, Y Petrov, J Petrovic, C Pfendner, N Phan, R Piegaia, T Pierog, P Pieroni, M Pimenta, V Pirronello, M Platino, V H Ponce, M Pontz, P Privitera, M Prouza, E J Quel, S Querchfeld, J Rautenberg, O Ravel, D Ravignani, B Revenu, J Ridky, S Riggi, M Risse, P Ristori, H Rivera, V Rizi, J Roberts, C Robledo, W Rodrigues de Carvalho, G Rodriguez, J Rodriguez Martino, J Rodriguez Rojo, I Rodriguez-Cabo, M D Rodríguez-Frías, G Ros, J Rosado, T Rossler, M Roth, B Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E Roulet, A C Rovero, C Rühle, F Salamida, H Salazar, F Salesa Greus, G Salina, F Sánchez, C E Santo, E Santos, E M Santos, F Sarazin, B Sarkar, S Sarkar, R Sato, N Scharf, V Scherini, H Schieler, P Schiffer, A Schmidt, O Scholten, H Schoorlemmer, J Schovancova, P Schovánek, F Schröder, S Schulte, D Schuster, S J Sciutto, M Scuderi, A Segreto, M Settimo, A Shadkam, R C Shellard, I Sidelnik, G Sigl, H H Silva Lopez, A Smiałkowski, R Smída, G R Snow, P Sommers, J Sorokin, H Spinka, R Squartini, S Stanic, J Stapleton, J Stasielak, M Stephan, A Stutz, F Suarez, T Suomijärvi, A D Supanitsky, T Suša, M S Sutherland, J Swain, Z Szadkowski, M Szuba, A Tamashiro, A Tapia, M Tartare, O Taşcău, C G Tavera Ruiz, R Tcaciuc, D Tegolo, N T Thao, D Thomas, J Tiffenberg, C Timmermans, D K Tiwari, W Tkaczyk, C J Todero Peixoto, B Tomé, A Tonachini, P Travnicek, D B Tridapalli, G Tristram, E Trovato, M Tueros, R Ulrich, M Unger, M Urban, J F Valdés Galicia, I Valiño, L Valore, A M van den Berg, E Varela, B Vargas Cárdenas, J R Vázquez, R A Vázquez, D Veberič, V Verzi, J Vicha, M Videla, L Villaseñor, H Wahlberg, P Wahrlich, O Wainberg, D Walz, D Warner, A A Watson, M Weber, K Weidenhaupt, A Weindl, S Westerhoff, B J Whelan, G Wieczorek, L Wiencke, B Wilczyńska, H Wilczyński, M Will, C Williams, T Winchen, M G Winnick, M Wommer, B Wundheiler, T Yamamoto, T Yapici, P Younk, G Yuan, A Yushkov, B Zamorano, E Zas, D Zavrtanik, M Zavrtanik, I Zaw, A Zepeda, Y Zhu, M Zimbres Silva, M Ziolkowski; Pierre Auger Collaboration
Affiliation
- 1 LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- PMID: 23006259
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.062002
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Abstract
We report a measurement of the proton-air cross section for particle production at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV. This is derived from the distribution of the depths of shower maxima observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory: systematic uncertainties are studied in detail. Analyzing the tail of the distribution of the shower maxima, a proton-air cross section of [505±22(stat)(-36)(+28)(syst)] mb is found.