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Review
. 2012 Dec;39(12):1731-40.
doi: 10.1007/s10295-012-1194-x. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

Microbial transformations of antimicrobial quinolones and related drugs

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Review

Microbial transformations of antimicrobial quinolones and related drugs

Igor A Parshikov et al. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Dec.

Abstract

The quinolones are an important group of synthetic antimicrobial drugs used for treating bacterial diseases of humans and animals. Microorganisms transform antimicrobial quinolones (including fluoroquinolones) and the pharmacologically related naphthyridones, pyranoacridones, and cinnolones to a variety of metabolites. The biotransformation processes involve hydroxylation of methyl groups; hydroxylation of aliphatic and aromatic rings; oxidation of alcohols and amines; reduction of carboxyl groups; removal of methyl, carboxyl, fluoro, and cyano groups; addition of formyl, acetyl, nitrosyl, and cyclopentenone groups; and cleavage of aliphatic and aromatic rings. Most of these reactions greatly reduce or eliminate the antimicrobial activity of the quinolones.

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