Effect of New York State's do-not-resuscitate legislation on in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice

Abstract

Purpose: On April 1, 1988, New York State enacted legislation governing the withholding of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Suggestions that the mandated protocol for withholding CPR is too cumbersome and will result in an increase in CPR attempts led us to study the effect of the new law on in-hospital resuscitation practice.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 245 adult in-patients at a county teaching hospital who died during three-month periods before and after the law took effect.

Results: There was a statistically nonsignificant decline in the frequency of CPR attempts at the time of death, from 59 (50%) of 119 patients in 1987 to 57 (45%) of 126 patients in 1988. Use of explicit written "do-not-resuscitate" (DNR) orders increased significantly from 13 (22%) of 60 patients who died without CPR in 1987 to 64 (93%) of 69 patients in 1988. Patient and family involvement in decisions to withhold CPR was common before the law and did not change significantly.

Conclusion: Although changing the way DNR decisions are documented, the legislation resulted in no significant change either in the frequency of CPR or in the degree to which patients are involved in these decisions.