Spinal cavernous malformations: magnetic resonance imaging and associated findings

Abstract

Introduction: We reviewed the clinical features, brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings and associated abnormalities in six patients with spinal cavernous malformations (CMs).

Methods: Lesions were defined on gradient-recalled echo (GRE) images but measured on T2-weighted images performed on 1.5- and 3-tesla clinical scanners.

Results: Four patients had associated multiple cranial CMs and one patient had multiple spinal CMs. All spinal CMs were predominantly hypointense on GRE images, and most were predominantly hyperintense and surrounded by hypointense edge on T2-weighted images. Other associations included asymptomatic vertebral body and splenic haemangiomas.

Conclusion: We conclude that intramedullary spinal CMs typically have 'mulberry' or 'popcorn' appearances similar to those of cranial CM. The presence of associated haemangioma or familial cranial CM syndrome on MR imaging may suggest the correct diagnosis without requiring invasive investigations.