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. 2013 Mar-Apr;33(2):155-66.
doi: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00233. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

Determinants of peritoneal dialysis technique failure in incident US patients

Jenny I Shen  1 , Aya A Mitani, Anjali B Saxena, Benjamin A Goldstein, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
Affiliations

Determinants of peritoneal dialysis technique failure in incident US patients

Jenny I Shen et al. Perit Dial Int. 2013 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Objectives: Switching from peritoneal dialysis (PD) to hemodialysis (HD) is undesirable, because of complications from temporary vascular access, disruption of daily routine, and higher costs. Little is known about the role that social factors play in technique failure.

Design, setting, participants, measurements: We followed for 3 years a nationally representative cohort of US patients who initiated PD in 1996 - 1997. Technique failure was defined as any switch from PD to HD for 30 days or more. We used Cox regression to examine associations between technique failure and demographic, medical, social, and pre-dialysis factors. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: We identified an inception cohort of 1587 patients undergoing PD. In multivariate analysis, female sex (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.95) was associated with lower rates of technique failure, and black race [compared with white race (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.82)] and receiving Medicaid (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.86) were associated with higher rates. Compared with patients who worked full-time, those who were retired (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.08) or disabled (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.88) had higher rates of failure. Patients with a systolic blood pressure of 140 - 160 mmHg had a higher rate of failure than did those with a pressure of 120 - 140 mmHg (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.52). Earlier referral to a nephrologist (>3 months before dialysis initiation) and the primary decision-maker for the dialysis modality (physician vs patient vs shared) were not associated with technique failure.

Conclusions: This study confirms that several socio-demographic factors are associated with technique failure, emphasizing the potential importance of social and financial support in maintaining PD.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
— Study population selection. The study cohort was drawn from the US Renal Data System Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave 2. PD = peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
— Technique survival in patients initiating peritoneal dialysis. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial technique survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 80.2%, 61.2%, and 45.2% respectively. Median survival was 2.7 years. Failure was defined as a switch from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis lasting 30 days or more.
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