[Leishmania major Yakimoff et Schokhor, 1914 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Meriones shawi Duvernoy, 1842 (Rodentia: Gerbillidae): persistence of the infection in meriones and its infectivity for the sand fly vector (Phlebotomus) papatasi Scopoli, 1786 (Diptera: Psychodidae)]

Abstract

The ability of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi to transmit Leishmania major, the etiologic agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, to Meriones shawi, the natural reservoir host of this parasite, was studied under laboratory conditions. Sand flies became infected with L. major after feeding on a lesion of needle-inoculated M. shawi. Moreover, P. papatasi, previously infected with L. major, transmitted the parasite to M. shawi by bite during a second bloodmeal. Two months after the blood-meal, the animal developed a lesion on its ears. Xenodiagnosis was performed on the infected animal. The infectivity of M. shawi to P. papatasi lasted for five months, period corresponding to winter season in North Africa. We have thus demonstrated the transmission of L. major by P. papatasi to M. shawi under laboratory conditions. Our results show that reservoir hosts surviving winter time are the main source of infection for P. papatasi during the following season, and subsequently they play a major role in the persistence and transmission of L. major between transmission cycles.