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. 2012:2012:407805.
doi: 10.1155/2012/407805. Epub 2012 Sep 26.

Scaffold library for tissue engineering: a geometric evaluation

Nattapon Chantarapanich  1 , Puttisak Puttawibul, Sedthawatt Sucharitpwatskul, Pongnarin Jeamwatthanachai, Samroeng Inglam, Kriskrai Sitthiseripratip
Affiliations

Scaffold library for tissue engineering: a geometric evaluation

Nattapon Chantarapanich et al. Comput Math Methods Med. 2012.

Abstract

Tissue engineering scaffold is a biological substitute that aims to restore, to maintain, or to improve tissue functions. Currently available manufacturing technology, that is, additive manufacturing is essentially applied to fabricate the scaffold according to the predefined computer aided design (CAD) model. To develop scaffold CAD libraries, the polyhedrons could be used in the scaffold libraries development. In this present study, one hundred and nineteen polyhedron models were evaluated according to the established criteria. The proposed criteria included considerations on geometry, manufacturing feasibility, and mechanical strength of these polyhedrons. CAD and finite element (FE) method were employed as tools in evaluation. The result of evaluation revealed that the close-cellular scaffold included truncated octahedron, rhombicuboctahedron, and rhombitruncated cuboctahedron. In addition, the suitable polyhedrons for using as open-cellular scaffold libraries included hexahedron, truncated octahedron, truncated hexahedron, cuboctahedron, rhombicuboctahedron, and rhombitruncated cuboctahedron. However, not all pore size to beam thickness ratios (PO:BT) were good for making the open-cellular scaffold. The PO:BT ratio of each library, generating the enclosed pore inside the scaffold, was excluded to avoid the impossibility of material removal after the fabrication. The close-cellular libraries presented the constant porosity which is irrespective to the different pore sizes. The relationship between PO:BT ratio and porosity of open-cellular scaffold libraries was displayed in the form of Logistic Power function. The possibility of merging two different types of libraries to produce the composite structure was geometrically evaluated in terms of the intersection index and was mechanically evaluated by means of FE analysis to observe the stress level. The couples of polyhedrons presenting low intersection index and high stress level were excluded. Good couples for producing the reinforced scaffold were hexahedron-truncated hexahedron and cuboctahedron-rhombitruncated cuboctahedron.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Convex polyhedrons, (b) Nonconvex polyhedrons.
Figure 2
Figure 2
FE models for compressive strength analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Enclosed pore inside close-cellular scaffold libraries.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Close-cellular and open-cellular scaffold libraries of truncated octahedron.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Enclosed pore by surrounding cells, (b) enclosed pore inside the cell.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Potential close-cellular libraries.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Potential open-cellular libraries.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Relationship between pore size and porosity of close-cellular scaffold libraries.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Relationship between PO : BT and porosity of open-cellular scaffold libraries.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Characteristics of common face of each couple group.
Figure 11
Figure 11
FE model for library merging analysis.
Figure 12
Figure 12
EQV stress exhibited on each couple.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Conventional and proposed new close pore scaffold library.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Optimized space and possible enclosed pore resulting from position of vertex of truncated face of polyhedrons.
Figure 15
Figure 15
(a) CAD model of cortical and tubercular layer of bone, (b) variation of PO : BT scaffold generated based on the CAD model.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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