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. 2012 Aug;4(Suppl 2):S256-9.
doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.100244.

Host modulation by therapeutic agents

Sugumari Elavarasu  1 , Santhosh Sekar, Thamaraiselvan Murugan
Affiliations

Host modulation by therapeutic agents

Sugumari Elavarasu et al. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012 Aug.

Abstract

Periodontal disease susceptible group present advanced periodontal breakdown even though they achieve a high standard of oral hygiene. Various destructive enzymes and inflammatory mediators are involved in destruction. These are elevated in case of periodontal destruction. Host modulation aims at bringing these enzymes and mediators to normal level. Doxycycline, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bisphosphonates, nitrous oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11), omega-3 fatty acid, mouse anti-human interleukin-6 receptor antibody (MRA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kb) inhibitors, osteoprotegerin, and tumor necrosis factor antagonist (TNF-α) are some of the therapeutic agents that have host modulation properties.

Keywords: Cytokines; Matrix metalo protienases (MMP); Periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Potential therapeutic strategies to treat bone resorption: Agents that block the differentiation or activity of osteoclasts are potential therapeutic agents. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts through its action as a decoy receptor that blocks receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) ligand (RANKL) and RANK juxtacrine interaction. NSAIDs and other anti-inflammatory molecules [including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors, and NF-kB inhibitors] can inhibit the formation of hematoprogenitor cells to pre-osteoclasts. Antibodies to RANKL can also block this interaction. MMP inhibitors reduce the protease degradation of the organic matrix, and anti-integrins block the initial osteoclast adhesion to the matrix. IL = interleukin; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; M-CSF = macrophage colony-stimulating factor; sRANKL = soluble RANKL; TNFα = tumor necrosis factor-α; TNFsRc = TNF soluble receptor
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