Differences in microglia activation between rats-derived cell and mice-derived cell after stimulating by soluble antigen of IV larva from Angiostrongylus cantonensis in vitro

Abstract

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a rodent nematode. Adult worms of A. cantonensis live in the pulmonary arteries of rats. Humans and mice are accidental hosts or named nonpermissive hosts. The larva cannot develop into an adult worm and only causes serious eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis if humans or mice eat food containing larva of A. cantonensis in the third stage. The differing consequences largely depend on differing immune responses of the host to parasite during A. cantonensis invasion and development. Microglia is considered to be the key immune cell in the central nervous system like macrophage. To further understand the reasons for why mice and rats attain different outcomes in A. cantonensis infection, we set up the method to isolate and culture newborn rats' primary microglia and observe the activation of the microglia cells, comparing with mice microglia cell line N9. We treated cells with soluble antigen of the fourth larva of A. cantonensis (L4 larva) and measured mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, eotaxin, iNOS, and TNF-α by real-time PCR. The results showed that N9 expressed high mRNA level of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin, but primary microglia only had IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin mRNA level. It implies that microglia from rats and mice had different reaction to soluble antigen of A. cantonensis. Therefore, we supposed that microglia may play an immune modulation role during the brain inflammation induced by A. cantonensis.