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Meta-Analysis
. 2012 Oct 17;10(10):CD006525.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006525.pub2.

Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems

Janine Archer  1 , Peter Bower, Simon Gilbody, Karina Lovell, David Richards, Linda Gask, Chris Dickens, Peter Coventry
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems

Janine Archer et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Common mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, are estimated to affect up to 15% of the UK population at any one time, and health care systems worldwide need to implement interventions to reduce the impact and burden of these conditions. Collaborative care is a complex intervention based on chronic disease management models that may be effective in the management of these common mental health problems.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of collaborative care for patients with depression or anxiety.

Search methods: We searched the following databases to February 2012: The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group (CCDAN) trials registers (CCDANCTR-References and CCDANCTR-Studies) which include relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from MEDLINE (1950 to present), EMBASE (1974 to present), PsycINFO (1967 to present) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, all years); the World Health Organization (WHO) trials portal (ICTRP); ClinicalTrials.gov; and CINAHL (to November 2010 only). We screened the reference lists of reports of all included studies and published systematic reviews for reports of additional studies.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of collaborative care for participants of all ages with depression or anxiety.

Data collection and analysis: Two independent researchers extracted data using a standardised data extraction sheet. Two independent researchers made 'Risk of bias' assessments using criteria from The Cochrane Collaboration. We combined continuous measures of outcome using standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We combined dichotomous measures using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. Sensitivity analyses tested the robustness of the results.

Main results: We included seventy-nine RCTs (including 90 relevant comparisons) involving 24,308 participants in the review. Studies varied in terms of risk of bias.The results of primary analyses demonstrated significantly greater improvement in depression outcomes for adults with depression treated with the collaborative care model in the short-term (SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.27; RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.43), medium-term (SMD -0.28, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.15; RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.48), and long-term (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.24; RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.41). However, these significant benefits were not demonstrated into the very long-term (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.27).The results also demonstrated significantly greater improvement in anxiety outcomes for adults with anxiety treated with the collaborative care model in the short-term (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.17; RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.87), medium-term (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.19; RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.69), and long-term (SMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.34 to -0.06; RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.42). No comparisons examined the effects of the intervention on anxiety outcomes in the very long-term.There was evidence of benefit in secondary outcomes including medication use, mental health quality of life, and patient satisfaction, although there was less evidence of benefit in physical quality of life.

Authors' conclusions: Collaborative care is associated with significant improvement in depression and anxiety outcomes compared with usual care, and represents a useful addition to clinical pathways for adult patients with depression and anxiety.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have been/are involved in the conduct of trials of collaborative care in the UK funded by the Medical Research Council. PB is a paid consultant to the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy, but the authors have no additional financial or other conflicts of interest in the results of the present review or the outcomes of these trials.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
3
3
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), outcome: 1.1 Improvement in depression symptoms.
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), outcome: 1.2 Depression response.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 1 Improvement in depression symptoms.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 2 Depression response.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 3 Antidepressant medication use.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 4 Improvement in anxiety symptoms.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 5 Anxiety response.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 6 Anxiety medication use.
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 7 Mental QoL.
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 8 Physical QoL.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 9 Patient satisfaction.
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adults), Outcome 10 Patient satisfaction.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adolescents), Outcome 1 Depression symptoms.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adolescents), Outcome 2 Depression.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adolescents), Outcome 3 Antidepressant medication use.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adolescents), Outcome 4 Mental QoL.
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adolescents), Outcome 5 Physical QoL.
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2 Collaborative care versus 'usual care' (adolescents), Outcome 6 Patient satisfaction.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Collaborative care versus feedback (adults), Outcome 1 Depression.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Collaborative care versus consultation liaison (adults), Outcome 1 Depression.
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 Collaborative care plus consultation liaison versus collaborative care (adults), Outcome 1 Depression.
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6 Collaborative care versus enhanced referral (adults), Outcome 1 Depression symptoms.
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7 Collaborative care (psychotherapy) versus collaborative care (medication) (adults), Outcome 1 Depression.
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8 Collaborative care plus psychotherapy versus collaborative care (adults), Outcome 1 Depression symptoms.
8.2
8.2. Analysis
Comparison 8 Collaborative care plus psychotherapy versus collaborative care (adults), Outcome 2 Depression.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

References to studies included in this review

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Katon 1996b {published data only}
    1. Katon W, Robinson P, Korff M, Lin E, Bush T, Ludman E, et al. A multifaceted intervention to improve treatment of depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996;53(10):924‐32. - PubMed
    1. Robinson P, Katon W, Korff M, Bush T, Simon G, Lin E, et al. The education of depressed primary care patients: what do patients think of interactive booklets and a video?. Journal of Family Practice 1997;44(6):562‐71. - PubMed
Katon 1999 {published data only}
    1. Katon W, Korff M, Lin E, Simon G, Walker E, Unutzer J, et al. Stepped collaborative care for primary care patients with persistent symptoms of depression: a randomized trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999;56(12):1109‐15. - PubMed
    1. Katon WJ, Russo JE, Korff M, Lin EH, Ludman E, Ciechanowski PS. Long‐term effects on medical costs of improving depression outcomes in patients with depression and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2008;31(6):1155‐9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Shaughnessy A. In patients who do not respond to antidepressants or who are at risk for recurrence, is collaborative care effective?. Evidence‐Based Practice 2003;6(2):9.
    1. Simon GE, Katon WJ, VonKorff M, Unuetzer J, Lin EH, Walker EA, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of a collaborative care program for primary care patients with persistent depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 2001;158(10):1638‐44. - PubMed
    1. Unutzer J, Katon WJ, Russo J, Simon G, Korff M, Lin E, et al. Willingness to pay for depression treatment in primary care. Psychiatric Services 2003;54(3):340‐5. - PubMed
Katon 2001 {published data only}
    1. Bullock R. A depression relapse prevention programme improved adherence to medication and depressive symptoms but did not decrease relapses. Evidence‐Based Mental Health 2001;4(4):113.
    1. Gopinath S, Katon WJ, Russo JE, Ludman EJ. Clinical factors associated with relapse in primary care patients with chronic or recurrent depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 2007;101(1‐3):57‐63. - PubMed
    1. Katon W, Rutter C, Ludman E J, Korff M, Lin E, Simon G, et al. A randomized trial of relapse prevention of depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry 2001;58(3):241‐7. - PubMed
    1. Lin EH, Korff M, Ludman EJ, Rutter C, Bush TM, Simon GE, et al. Enhancing adherence to prevent depression relapse in primary care. General Hospital Psychiatry 2003;25(5):303‐10. - PubMed
    1. Ludman E, Katon W, Bush T, Rutter C, Lin E, Simon G, et al. Behavioural factors associated with symptom outcomes in a primary care‐based depression prevention intervention trial. Psychological Medicine 2003;33(6):1061‐70. - PubMed
Katon 2004 {published data only}
    1. Ciechanowski PS, Russo JE, Katon WJ. The difficult patient: A developmental perspective using an attachment theoretical framework. 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society; 2005 March 2‐5; Vancouver, Canada. 2005:A122.
    1. Ciechanowski PS, Russo JE, Katon WJ, Korff M, Simon GE, Lin EHB, et al. The association of patient relationship style and outcomes in collaborative care treatment for depression in patients with diabetes. Medical Care 2006;44(3):283‐91. - PubMed
    1. Davidson MB, Echeverry D. Collaborative care for depression and chronic illnesses [comment]. New England Journal of Medicine 2011;364(13):1278; author reply 1278‐9. - PubMed
    1. Gask L, Ludman E, Schaefer J. Qualitative study of an intervention for depression among patients with diabetes: how can we optimize patient‐professional interaction?. Chronic Illness 2006;2(3):231‐42. - PubMed
    1. Glasgow RE, Price DW. Individualised treatment improves depression in people with depression and diabetes. Evidence‐Based Mental Health 2005;8(2):40. - PubMed
Katon 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hung W. Collaborative care for patients with depression improves chronic disease management: Commentary. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management 2011;18(4):156‐7.
    1. Katon W, Lin EH, Korff M, Ciechanowski P, Ludman E, Young B, et al. Integrating depression and chronic disease care among patients with diabetes and/or coronary heart disease: the design of the TEAMcare study. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2010;31(4):312‐22. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Katon W, Russo J, Lin EHB, Schmittdiel J, Ciechanowski P, Ludman E, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of a Multicondition Collaborative Care Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 2012;69(5):506‐514. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Katon WJ, Lin EH, Korff M, Ciechanowski P, Ludman EJ, Young B, et al. Collaborative care for patients with depression and chronic illnesses. New England Journal of Medicine 2010;363(27):2611‐20. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Katon WJ, Lin EHB, Korff M. The authors reply: "Collaborative care for depression and chronic illnesses" [Reply to comment]. New England Journal of Medicine 2011;364(13):1278‐9. - PubMed
Katzelnick 2000 {published data only}
    1. Katzelnick DJ, Simon GE, Pearson SD, Manning WG, Helstad CP, Henk HJ. Randomized trial of a depression management program in high utilizers of medical care. 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 1998 May 30‐ Jun 4; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1998.
    1. Katzelnick DJ, Simon GE, Pearson SD, Manning WG, Helstad CP, Henk HJ, et al. Randomized trial of a depression management program in high utilizers of medical care. Archives of Family Medicine 2000;9(4):345‐51. - PubMed
    1. Katzelnick DJ, Simon GE, Pearson SD, Manning WG, Helstad CP, Henks HJ. Clinical outcomes care study. 152nd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 1999 May 15‐20; Washington (DC). 1999.
    1. Peveler R. A depression management programme reduced depression in frequent users of healthcare but did not reduce healthcare visits. Evidence‐Based Mental Health 2001;4(3):78‐9.
    1. Simon GE, Manning WG, Katzelnick DJ, Pearson SD, Henk HJ, Helstad CP. Cost‐effectiveness of systematic depression treatment for high utilizers of general medical care. Archives of General Psychiatry 2001;58(2):181‐7. - PubMed
Kroenke 2010 {published data only}
    1. Brown LF, Kroenke K, Theobald DE, Wu J, Tu W. The association of depression and anxiety with health‐related quality of life in cancer patients with depression and/or pain. Psycho‐Oncology 2010;19(7):734‐41. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Johns SA, Kroenke K, Theobald DE, Wu J, Tu W. Telecare management of pain and depression in patients with cancer: patient satisfaction and predictors of use. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 2011;34(2):126‐39. - PubMed
    1. Kroenke K, Theobald D, Norton K, Sanders R, Schlundt S, McCalley S, et al. The Indiana Cancer Pain and Depression (INCPAD) trial Design of a telecare management intervention for cancer‐related symptoms and baseline characteristics of study participants. General Hospital Psychiatry 2009;31(3):240‐53. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kroenke K, Theobald D, Wu J, Loza JK, Carpenter JS, Tu W. The association of depression and pain with health‐related quality of life, disability, and health care use in cancer patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2010;40(3):327‐41. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kroenke K, Theobald D, Wu J, Norton K, Morrison G, Carpenter J, et al. Effect of telecare management on pain and depression in patients with cancer. JAMA 2010;304(2):163‐71. - PMC - PubMed
Landis 2007 {published data only}
    1. Landis SE, Gaynes BN, Morrissey JP, Vinson N, Ellis AR, Domino ME. Generalist care managers for the treatment of depressed medicaid patients in North Carolina: a pilot study. BMC Family Practice 2007;8:7. - PMC - PubMed
Lobello 2010 {published data only}
    1. Lobello K, Reddy S, Musgnung J, Pedersen R, Ninan P. Patient outcomes with education, drug therapy, and support: A study of venlafaxine ER‐treated outpatients with major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 2010;43(2):28‐44. - PubMed
Ludman 2007a {published data only}
    1. Ludman EJ, Simon GE, Grothaus LC, Luce C, Markley DK, Schaefer J. A pilot study of telephone care management and structured disease self‐management groups for chronic depression. Psychiatric Services 2007;58(8):1065‐72. - PubMed
Ludman 2007b {published data only}
    1. Ludman EJ, Simon GE, Grothaus LC, Luce C, Markley DK, Schaefer J. A pilot study of telephone care management and structured disease self‐management groups for chronic depression. Psychiatric Services 2007;58(8):1065‐72. - PubMed
Ludman 2007c {published data only}
    1. Ludman EJ, Simon GE, Grothaus LC, Luce C, Markley DK, Schaefer J. A pilot study of telephone care management and structured disease self‐management groups for chronic depression. Psychiatric Services 2007;58(8):1065‐72. - PubMed
Mann 1998 {published data only}
    1. Mann AH, Blizard R, Murray J, Smith JA, Botega N, MacDonald E, et al. An evaluation of practice nurses working with general practitioners to treat people with depression. British Journal of General Practice 1998;48(426):875‐9. - PMC - PubMed
McCusker 2008 {published data only}
    1. McCusker J, Cole M, Yaffe M, Cappeliez P, Dawes M, Sewitch M, et al. Project direct: Pilot study of a collaborative intervention for depressed seniors. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 2008;27(2):201‐18.
McMahon 2007 {published data only}
    1. McMahon L, Foran KM, Forrest SD, Taylor ML, Ingram G, Rajwal M, et al. Graduate mental health worker case management of depression in UK primary care: a pilot study. British Journal of General Practice 2007;57(544):880‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Oslin 2003 {published data only}
    1. Oslin D. Telephone disease management for depression and at‐risk drinking. International Psychogeriatrics. Proceedings of the International Psychogeriatric Association Eleventh International Congress; 2003 Aug 17‐22, Chicago. 2003; Vol. 15.
    1. Oslin DW, Sayers S, Ross J, Kane V, Have T, Conigliaro J, et al. Disease management for depression and at‐risk drinking via telephone in an older population of veterans. Psychosomatic Medicine 2003;65(6):931‐7. - PubMed
Patel 2010 {published data only}
    1. Patel V, Weiss H, Mann A. Predictors of outcome in patients with common mental disorders receiving a brief psychological treatment: An exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial from Goa, India. African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa) 2010;13(4):291‐6. - PubMed
    1. Patel V, Weiss HA, Chowdhary N, Naik S, Pednekar S, Chatterjee S, et al. Effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors for depressive and anxiety disorders in primary care in Goa, India (MANAS): A cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;376(9758):2086‐95. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Patel V, Weiss HA, Chowdhary N, Naik S, Pednekar S, Chatterjee S, et al. Lay health worker led intervention for depressive and anxiety disorders in India: impact on clinical and disability outcomes over 12 months. British Journal of Psychiatry 2011;199(6):459‐66. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Patel VH, Kirkwood BR, Pednekar S, Araya R, King M, Chisholm D, et al. Improving the outcomes of primary care attenders with common mental disorders in developing countries: A cluster randomized controlled trial of a collaborative stepped care intervention in Goa, India. Trials 2008;9:4. - PMC - PubMed
Piette 2011 {published data only}
    1. Piette J, Duffy S, Torres T, Vogel M, Himle J, Richardson C, et al. 12‐month outcomes from a randomized trial of telephone cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of General Internal Medicine. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine; 2010 Apr 28‐May 1, Minneapolis (MN) 2010;25(Suppl 3):S205.
    1. Piette JD, Richardson C, Himle J, Duffy S, Torres T, Vogel M, et al. A randomized trial of telephonic counseling plus walking for depressed diabetes patients. Medical Care 2011;49(7):641‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Pyne 2011 {published data only}
    1. Curran GM, Pyne J, Fortney JC, Gifford A, Asch SM, Rimland D, et al. Development and implementation of collaborative care for depression in HIV clinics. AIDS Care ‐ Psychological and Socio‐Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV 2011;23(12):1626‐36. - PubMed
    1. Pyne JM, Fortney JC, Curran GM, Tripathi S, Atkinson JH, Kilbourne AM, et al. Effectiveness of collaborative care for depression in human immunodeficiency virus clinics. Archives of Internal Medicine 2011;171(1):23‐31. - PubMed
Richards 2008a {published data only}
    1. McMillan D, Gilbody S, Richards D. Defining successful treatment outcome in depression using the PHQ‐9: A comparison of methods. Journal of Affective Disorders 2010;127(1‐3):122‐9. - PubMed
    1. Richards D. Models of Stepped Care: evidence from the first UK trials of collaborative care for depression and stepped care for common mental health problems. 34th Annual Conference of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies; 2006 July 19‐21, Warwick. 2006:60.
    1. Richards DA, Lovell K, Gilbody S, Gask L, Torgerson D, Barkham M, et al. Collaborative care for depression in UK primary care: A randomized controlled trial: Corrigendum. Psychological Medicine 2009;39(4):701. - PubMed
    1. Richards DA, Lovell K, Gilbody S, Gask L, Torgerson D, Barkham M, et al. Collaborative care for depression in UK primary care: a randomized controlled trial [Erratum published in Psychological Medicine 2009;39(4):701]. Psychological Medicine 2008;38(2):279‐87. - PubMed
    1. Simpson A, Richards D, Gask L, Hennessy S, Escott D. Patients' experiences of receiving collaborative care for the treatment of depression in the UK: a qualitative investigation. Mental Health in Family Medicine 2008;5(2):95‐104. - PMC - PubMed
Richards 2008b {published data only}
    1. McMillan D, Gilbody S, Richards D. Defining successful treatment outcome in depression using the PHQ‐9: A comparison of methods. Journal of Affective Disorders 2010;127(1‐3):122‐9. - PubMed
    1. Richards D. Models of Stepped Care: evidence from the first UK trials of collaborative care for depression and stepped care for common mental health problems. 34th Annual Conference of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies; 2006 July 19 ‐ 21, Warwick. 2006:60.
    1. Richards DA, Lovell K, Gilbody S, Gask L, Torgerson D, Barkham M, et al. Collaborative care for depression in UK primary care: A randomized controlled trial: Corrigendum. Psychological Medicine 2009;39(4):701. - PubMed
    1. Richards DA, Lovell K, Gilbody S, Gask L, Torgerson D, Barkham M, et al. Collaborative care for depression in UK primary care: a randomized controlled trial [Erratum published in Psychological Medicine 2009;39(4):701]. Psychological Medicine 2008;38(2):279‐87. - PubMed
    1. Simpson A, Richards D, Gask L, Hennessy S, Escott D. Patients' experiences of receiving collaborative care for the treatment of depression in the UK: a qualitative investigation. Mental Health in Family Medicine 2008;5(2):95‐104. - PMC - PubMed
Richards 2012 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Richards DA. Multi‐centre randomised controlled trial of collaborative care for depression [CADET (CollAborative DEpression Trial) [Is collaborative care more clinically and cost effective than usual care in the management of patients with moderate to severe depression in UK primary care?] [ ISRCTN32829227]. Current Controlled Trials [www.controlled‐trials.com] 2009.
    1. Richards DA, Hughes‐Morley A, Hayes RA, Araya R, Barkham M, Bland JM, et al. Collaborative depression trial (CADET): Multi‐centre randomised controlled trial of collaborative care for depression ‐ Study protocol. BMC Health Services Research 2009;16(9):188. - PMC - PubMed
Rojas 2007 {published data only}
    1. Rojas G, Fritsch R, Solis J, Jadresic E, Castillo C, Gonzalez M, et al. Treatment of postnatal depression in low‐income mothers in primary‐care clinics in Santiago, Chile: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370(9599):1629‐37. - PubMed
    1. Zayas LH. Six‐month multicomponent intervention improves postnatal depression in low‐income settings. Evidence‐Based Mental Health 2008;11(3):80. - PubMed
Rollman 2005 {published data only}
    1. Rollman B, Mazumdar S, Belnap B, Houck P, Lenze E, Schulberg H. Main outcomes from the relax trial of telephone delivered collaborative care for panic and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of General Internal Medicine. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine Minneapolis; 2010 April 28th‐May 1st. 2010:S326.
    1. Rollman BL, Belnap BH, Mazumdar S, Houck PR, Zhu F, Gardner W, et al. A randomized trial to improve the quality of treatment for panic and generalized anxiety disorders in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005;62(12):1332‐41. - PubMed
    1. Rollman BL, Belnap BH, Mazumdar S, Zhu F, Kroenke K, Schulberg HC, et al. Symptomatic severity of prime‐MD diagnosed episodes of panic and generalized anxiety disorder in primary care. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2005;20(7):623‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rollman BL, Herbeck Belnap B, Reynolds CF, Schulberg HC, Shear MK. A contemporary protocol to assist primary care physicians in the treatment of panic and generalized anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry 2003;25(2):74‐82. - PubMed
    1. Shear K, Belnap BH, Mazumdar S, Houck P, Rollman BL. Generalized anxiety disorder severity scale (GADSS): a preliminary validation study. Depression and Anxiety 2006;23(2):77‐82. - PubMed
Rollman 2009 {published data only}
    1. Gallagher R. Telephone‐delivered collaborative care for post‐CABG depression is more effective than usual care for improving quality of life related to mental health. Evidence‐Based Nursing 2010;13(2):37. - PubMed
    1. Morone NE, Weiner DK, Belnap BH, Karp JF, Mazumdar S, Houck PR, et al. The impact of pain and depression on recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting. Psychosomatic Medicine 2010;72(7):620‐5. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rollman BL, Belnap BH, LeMenager MS, Mazumdar S, Houck PR, Counihan PJ, et al. Telephone‐delivered collaborative care for treating post‐CABG depression: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;302(19):2095‐103. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rollman BL, Belnap BH, LeMenager MS, Mazumdar S, Schulberg HC, Reynolds CF 3rd. The Bypassing the Blues treatment protocol: stepped collaborative care for treating post‐CABG depression. Psychosomatic Medicine 2009;71(2):217‐30. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rollman BL, Herbeck Belnap B, LeMenager MS, Mazumdar S, Houck PR, Counihan PJ, et al. Telephone‐delivered collaborative care for treating post‐CABG depression: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;302(19):2095‐103. - PMC - PubMed
Ross 2008 {published data only}
    1. Ross JT, TenHave T, Eakin AC, Difilippo S, Oslin DW. A randomized controlled trial of a close monitoring program for minor depression and distress. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2008;23(9):1379‐85. - PMC - PubMed
Rost 2001a {published data only}
    1. Adams SJ, Xu S, Dong F, Fortney J, Rost K. Differential effectiveness of depression disease management for rural and urban primary care patients. Journal of Rural Health 2006;22(4):343‐50. - PubMed
    1. Clever SL, Ford DE, Rubenstein LV, Rost KM, Meredith LS, Sherbourne CD, et al. Primary care patients' involvement in decision‐making is associated with improvement in depression. Medical Care 2006;44(5):398‐405. - PubMed
    1. Dickinson LM, Rost K, Nutting PA, Elliott CE, Keeley RD, Pincus H. RCT of a care manager intervention for major depression in primary care: 2‐Year costs for patients with physical vs psychological complaints. Annals of Family Medicine 2005;3(1):15‐22. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Keeley RD, Smith JL, Nutting PA, Miriam Dickinson L, Perry Dickinson W, Rost KM. Does a depression intervention result in improved outcomes for patients presenting with physical symptoms?. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2004;19(6):615‐23. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lo Sasso AT, Rost K, Beck A. Modeling the impact of enhanced depression treatment on workplace functioning and costs: a cost‐benefit approach. Medical Care 2006;44(4):352‐8. - PubMed
Rost 2001b {published data only}
    1. Adams SJ, Xu S, Dong F, Fortney J, Rost K. Differential effectiveness of depression disease management for rural and urban primary care patients. Journal of Rural Health 2006;22(4):343‐50. - PubMed
    1. Clever SL, Ford DE, Rubenstein LV, Rost KM, Meredith LS, Sherbourne CD, et al. Primary care patients' involvement in decision‐making is associated with improvement in depression. Medical Care 2006;44(5):398‐405. - PubMed
    1. Dickinson LM, Rost K, Nutting PA, Elliott CE, Keeley RD, Pincus H. RCT of a care manager intervention for major depression in primary care: 2‐Year costs for patients with physical vs psychological complaints. Annals of Family Medicine 2005;3(1):15‐22. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Keeley RD, Smith JL, Nutting PA, Miriam Dickinson L, Perry Dickinson W, Rost KM. Does a depression intervention result in improved outcomes for patients presenting with physical symptoms?. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2004;19(6):615‐23. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lo Sasso AT, Rost K, Beck A. Modeling the impact of enhanced depression treatment on workplace functioning and costs: a cost‐benefit approach. Medical Care 2006;44(4):352‐8. - PubMed
Roy‐Byrne 2001 {published data only}
    1. Katon WJ, Roy‐Byrne P, Russo J, Cowley D. Cost‐effectiveness and cost offset of a collaborative care intervention for primary care patients with panic disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 2002;59(12):1098‐104. - PubMed
    1. Pieters G. Collaborative care led to greater recovery, improvement, and adherence than usual care at 12 months in panic disorder. Evidence‐Based Mental Health 2002;5(2):49. - PubMed
    1. Roy‐Byrne P, Katon W, Cowley DS, Russo J. A randomized effectiveness trial for panic disorder in primary care. 39th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; 2000 Dec 10‐14; San Juan; Puerto Rico. 2000:311.
    1. Roy‐Byrne PP, Cowley DS, Russo J, Cohen E, Michelson E, Katon WJ. Primary care panic: id by doctor versus screening. 153rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2000 May 13‐18; Chicago (IL). 2000:NR599.
    1. Roy‐Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, Sullivan JG, Bystritsky A, Katon WJ, et al. Cognitive‐behavior therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder: Sustained superiority to usual care. 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2004 May 1‐6; New York (NY). 2004:No. 9B.
Roy‐Byrne 2005 {published data only}
    1. Arch JJ, Craske MG, Stein MB, Sherbourne CD, Roy‐Byrne PP. Correlates of alcohol use among anxious and depressed primary care patients. General Hospital Psychiatry 2006;28(1):37‐42. - PubMed
    1. Bricker JB, Russo J, Stein MB, Sherbourne C, Craske M, Schraufnagel TJ, et al. Does occasional cannabis use impact anxiety and depression treatment outcomes?: Results from a randomized effectiveness trial. Depression and Anxiety 2007;24(6):392‐8. - PubMed
    1. Bystritsky A, Wagner AW, Russo JE, Stein MB, Sherbourne CD, Craske MG, et al. Assessment of beliefs about psychotropic medication and psychotherapy: development of a measure for patients with anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry 2005;27(5):313‐8. - PubMed
    1. Chavira DA, Stein MB, Golinelli D, Sherbourne CD, Craske MG, Sullivan G, et al. Predictors of clinical improvement in a randomized effectiveness trial for primary care patients with panic disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2009;197(10):715‐21. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Craske MG, Edlund MJ, Sullivan G, Roy‐Byrne P, Sherbourne C, Bystritsky A, et al. Perceived unmet need for mental health treatment and barriers to care among patients with panic disorder. Psychiatric Services 2005;56(8):988‐94. - PubMed
Roy‐Byrne 2010 {published data only}
    1. Craske MG, Stein MB, Sullivan G, Sherbourne C, Bystritsky A, Rose RD, et al. Disorder‐specific impact of coordinated anxiety learning and management treatment for anxiety disorders in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry 2011;68(4):378‐88. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Roy‐Byrne P, Craske MG, Sullivan G, Rose RD, Edlund MJ, Lang AJ, et al. Delivery of evidence‐based treatment for multiple anxiety disorders in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;303(19):1921‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Roy‐Byrne PP, Sherbourne CD, Stein MB, Sullivan G, Edlund M, Craske MG, et al. Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM): Improving primary care anxiety outcomes [Primary Care Intervention Strategy for Anxiety Disorders] [NCT00347269]. www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00347269 (Accessed 3 May 2012).
    1. Stein MB, Roy Byrne PP, Craske MG, Campbell Sills L, Lang AJ, Golinelli D, et al. Quality of and patient satisfaction with primary health care for anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2011;72(7):970‐6. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sullivan G, Craske MG, Sherbourne C, Edlund MJ, Rose RD, Golinelli D, et al. Design of the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) study: innovations in collaborative care for anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry 2007;29(5):379‐87. - PMC - PubMed
Rubenstein 2002 {published data only}
    1. Clever SL, Ford DE, Rubenstein LV, Rost KM, Meredith LS, Sherbourne CD, et al. Primary care patients' involvement in decision‐making is associated with improvement in depression. Medical Care 2006;44(5):398‐405. - PubMed
    1. Nutting PA, Dickinson LM, Rubenstein LV, Keeley RD, Smith JL, Elliott CE. Improving detection of suicidal ideation among depressed patients in primary care. Annals of Family Medicine 2005;3(6):529‐36. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rost KM, Duan N, Rubenstein LV, Ford DE, Sherbourne CD, Meredith LS, et al. The Quality Improvement for Depression collaboration: general analytic strategies for a coordinated study of quality improvement in depression care. General Hospital Psychiatry 2001;23(5):239‐53. - PubMed
    1. Rubenstein LV, Parker LE, Meredith LS, Altschuler A, dePillis E, Hernandez J, et al. Understanding team‐based quality improvement for depression in primary care. Health Services Research 2002;37(4):1009‐29. - PMC - PubMed
Simon 2000a {published data only}
    1. Simon GE, VonKorff M, Rutter C, Wagner E. Randomised trial of monitoring, feedback, and management of care by telephone to improve treatment of depression in primary care. BMJ 2000;320(7234):550‐4. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Williams JW Jr. Feedback to physicians plus telephone care management improved outcomes in primary care patients with depression [comment]]. ACP Journal Club 2000;133(2):73.
Simon 2000b {published data only}
    1. Simon GE, VonKorff M, Rutter C, Wagner E. Randomised trial of monitoring, feedback, and management of care by telephone to improve treatment of depression in primary care. BMJ 2000;320(7234):550‐4. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Williams JW Jr. Feedback to physicians plus telephone care management improved outcomes in primary care patients with depression [comment]]. ACP Journal Club 2000;133(2):73.
Simon 2004a {published data only}
    1. Ludman EJ, Simon GE, Tutty S, Korff M. A randomized trial of telephone psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for depression: continuation and durability of effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007;75(2):257‐66. - PubMed
    1. Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Rutter C. Incremental benefit and cost of telephone care management and telephone psychotherapy for depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry 2009;66(10):1081‐9. - PubMed
    1. Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Tutty S, Operskalski B, Korff M. Telephone psychotherapy and telephone care management for primary care patients starting antidepressant treatment: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292(8):935‐42. - PubMed
    1. Tutty S, Ludman EJ, Simon G. Feasibility and acceptability of a telephone psychotherapy program for depressed adults treated in primary care. General Hospital Psychiatry 2005;27(6):400‐10. - PubMed
Simon 2004b {published data only}
    1. Ludman EJ, Simon GE, Tutty S, Korff M. A randomized trial of telephone psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for depression: continuation and durability of effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007;75(2):257‐66. - PubMed
    1. Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Rutter C. Incremental benefit and cost of telephone care management and telephone psychotherapy for depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry 2009;66(10):1081‐9. - PubMed
    1. Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Tutty S, Operskalski B, Korff M. Telephone psychotherapy and telephone care management for primary care patients starting antidepressant treatment: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292(8):935‐42. - PubMed
    1. Tutty S, Ludman EJ, Simon G. Feasibility and acceptability of a telephone psychotherapy program for depressed adults treated in primary care. General Hospital Psychiatry 2005;27(6):400‐10. - PubMed
Simon 2011 {published data only}
    1. Simon GE. Pilot trial of depression care management by electronic secure messaging [feasibility of depression care management by E‐Mail] [NCT00755235]. www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00755235 (Accessed 3 May 2012).
    1. Simon GE, Ralston JD, Savarino J, Pabiniak C, Wentzel C, Operskalski BH. Randomized trial of depression follow‐up care by online messaging. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2011;26(7):698‐704. - PMC - PubMed
Smit 2006a {published data only}
    1. Conradi HJ, Jonge P, Kluiter H, Smit A, Meer K, Jenner JA, et al. Enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: long‐term outcomes of a psycho‐educational prevention program alone and enriched with psychiatric consultation or cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychological Medicine 2007;37(6):849‐62. - PubMed
    1. Smit A, Kluiter H, Conradi HJ, Meer K, Tiemens BG, Jenner JA, et al. Short‐term effects of enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine 2006;36(1):15‐26. - PubMed
    1. Smit A, Tiemens BG, Ormel J, Kluiter H, Jenner JA, Meer K, et al. Enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: First year results on compliance, self‐efficacy, the use of antidepressants and contacts with the primary care physician. Primary Care and Community Psychiatry 2005;10(2):39‐49.
    1. Stant AD, Vergert EM, Kluiter H, Conradi HJ, Smit A, Ormel J. Cost‐effectiveness of a psychoeducational relapse prevention program for depression in primary care. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics 2009;12(4):195‐217, 220. - PubMed
    1. Jonge P, Conradi HJ, Kaptein KI, Bockting CL, Korf J, Ormel J. Duration of subsequent episodes and periods of recovery in recurrent major depression [INSTEL trial]. Journal of Affective Disorders 2010;125(1‐3):141‐5. - PubMed
Smit 2006b {published data only}
    1. Conradi HJ, Jonge P, Kluiter H, Smit A, Meer K, Jenner JA, et al. Enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: long‐term outcomes of a psycho‐educational prevention program alone and enriched with psychiatric consultation or cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychological Medicine 2007;37(6):849‐62. - PubMed
    1. Smit A, Kluiter H, Conradi HJ, Meer K, Tiemens BG, Jenner JA, et al. Short‐term effects of enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine 2006;36(1):15‐26. - PubMed
    1. Smit A, Tiemens BG, Ormel J, Kluiter H, Jenner JA, Meer K, et al. Enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: First year results on compliance, self‐efficacy, the use of antidepressants and contacts with the primary care physician. Primary Care and Community Psychiatry 2005;10(2):39‐49.
    1. Stant AD, Vergert EM, Kluiter H, Conradi HJ, Smit A, Ormel J. Cost‐effectiveness of a psychoeducational relapse prevention program for depression in primary care. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics 2009;12(4):195‐217, 220. - PubMed
    1. Jonge P, Conradi HJ, Kaptein KI, Bockting CL, Korf J, Ormel J. Duration of subsequent episodes and periods of recovery in recurrent major depression [INSTEL trial]. Journal of Affective Disorders 2010;125(1‐3):141‐5. - PubMed
Smit 2006c {published data only}
    1. Conradi HJ, Jonge P, Kluiter H, Smit A, Meer K, Jenner JA, et al. Enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: long‐term outcomes of a psycho‐educational prevention program alone and enriched with psychiatric consultation or cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychological Medicine 2007;37(6):849‐62. - PubMed
    1. Smit A, Kluiter H, Conradi HJ, Meer K, Tiemens BG, Jenner JA, et al. Short‐term effects of enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine 2006;36(1):15‐26. - PubMed
    1. Smit A, Tiemens BG, Ormel J, Kluiter H, Jenner JA, Meer K, et al. Enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: First year results on compliance, self‐efficacy, the use of antidepressants and contacts with the primary care physician. Primary Care and Community Psychiatry 2005;10(2):39‐49.
    1. Stant AD, Vergert EM, Kluiter H, Conradi HJ, Smit A, Ormel J. Cost‐effectiveness of a psychoeducational relapse prevention program for depression in primary care. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics 2009;12(4):195‐217, 220. - PubMed
    1. Jonge P, Conradi HJ, Kaptein KI, Bockting CL, Korf J, Ormel J. Duration of subsequent episodes and periods of recovery in recurrent major depression [INSTEL trial]. Journal of Affective Disorders 2010;125(1‐3):141‐5. - PubMed
Strong 2008 {published data only}
    1. Forchuk C. A nurse‐delivered intervention was effective for depression in patients with cancer. Evidence‐Based Nursing 2009;12(1):17. - PubMed
    1. Strong V, Waters R, Hibberd C, Murray G, Wall L, Walker J, et al. Management of depression for people with cancer (SMaRT oncology 1): a randomised trial [see comment]. Lancet 2008;372(9632):40‐8. - PubMed
    1. Walker J, Sharpe M. Depression Care for People with Cancer: a collaborative care intervention. General Hospital Psychiatry 2009;31(5):436‐41. - PubMed
    1. Walker M, Walker L, Walker A, Bateman J, Braid F, Hebblewhite C, et al. Preventing psychiatric morbidity in people with cancer. Psycho‐Oncology. Proceedings of the 11th World Congress of Psycho‐Oncology of the International Psycho‐Oncology Society, IPOS; 2009 Jun 21‐24; Vienna, Austria. 2009; Vol. 18:S238.
    1. Feltz‐Cornelis CM. A nurse delivered management programme for depression in people with cancer reduces depressive symptoms compared with usual care. Evidence‐Based Mental Health 2009;12(1):9. - PubMed
Swindle 2003 {published data only}
    1. Swindle RW, Rao JK, Helmy A, Plue L, Zhou XH, Eckert GJ, et al. Integrating clinical nurse specialists into the treatment of primary care patients with depression. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 2003;33(1):17‐37. - PubMed
    1. Weinberger M. An integrated model of primary care in mental health. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00013260 (Accessed 3 May 2012).
Uebelacker 2011 {published data only}
    1. Uebelacker LA, Marootian BA, Tigue P, Haggarty R, Primack JM, Miller IW. Telephone depression care management for Latino Medicaid health plan members: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2011;199(9):678‐83. - PubMed
Unutzer 2002 {published data only}
    1. Apesoa Varano EC, Hinton L, Barker JC, Unutzer J. Clinician approaches and strategies for engaging older men in depression care. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2010;18(7):586‐95. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arean PA, Ayalon L, Hunkeler E, Lin EH, Tang L, Harpole L, et al. Improving depression care for older, minority patients in primary care. Medical Care 2005;43(4):381‐90. - PubMed
    1. Arean PA, Gum AM, Tang L, Unutzer J. Service use and outcomes among elderly persons with low incomes being treated for depression. Psychiatric Services 2007;58(8):1057‐64. - PubMed
    1. Bao Y, Casalino LP, Ettner SL, Bruce ML, Solberg LI, Unutzer J. Designing payment for collaborative care for depression in primary care. Health Services Research 2011;46(5):1436‐51. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Blasinsky M, Goldman HH, Unutzer J. Project IMPACT: a report on barriers and facilitators to sustainability. Administration and Policy in Mental Health 2006;33(6):718‐29. - PubMed
Vera 2010 {published data only}
    1. Vera M, Juarbe D. Depression Treatment in General Medical Settings. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00797901 (Accessed 3 May 2012).
    1. Vera M, Perez‐Pedrogo C, Huertas SE, Reyes‐Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, Huertas A, et al. Collaborative care for depressed patients with chronic medical conditions: A randomized trial in Puerto Rico. Psychiatric Services 2010;61(2):144‐50. - PMC - PubMed
Vlasveld 2011 {published data only}
    1. Vlasveld MC, Anema JR, Beekman AT, Mechelen W, Hoedeman R, Marwijk HW, et al. Multidisciplinary collaborative care for depressive disorder in the occupational health setting: design of a randomised controlled trial and cost‐effectiveness study. BMC Health Services Research 2008;8:99. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Vlasveld MC, Feltz‐Cornelis CM, Ader HJ, Anema JR, Hoedeman R, Mechelen W, et al. Collaborative care for major depressive disorder in an occupational healthcare setting. British Journal of Psychiatry 2011 Nov 24 [Epub ahead of print]. [DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.095687] - DOI - PubMed
Waitzkin 2011 {published data only}
    1. Waitzkin H, Getrich C, Heying S, Rodriguez L, Parmar A, Willging C, et al. Promotoras as mental health practitioners in primary care: A multi‐method study of an intervention to address contextual sources of depression. Journal of Community Health 2011;36(2):316‐31. - PMC - PubMed
Wells 2000a {published data only}
    1. Callahan CM, Kroenke K, Counsell SR, Hendrie HC, Perkins AJ, Katon W, et al. Treatment of depression improves physical functioning in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005;53(3):367‐73. - PubMed
    1. Clever SL, Ford DE, Rubenstein LV, Rost KM, Meredith LS, Sherbourne CD, et al. Primary care patients' involvement in decision‐making is associated with improvement in depression. Medical Care 2006;44(5):398‐405. - PubMed
    1. Dwight‐Johnson M, Unutzer J, Sherbourne C, Tang L, Wells KB. Can quality improvement programs for depression in primary care address patient preferences for treatment?. Medical Care 2001;39(9):934‐44. - PubMed
    1. Fraser SA, Kroenke K, Callahan CM, Hui SL, Williams JWJ, Unutzer J. Low yield of thyroid‐stimulating hormone testing in elderly patients with depression. General Hospital Psychiatry 2004;26(4):302‐9. - PubMed
    1. Halpern J, Johnson MD, Miranda J, Wells KB. The partners in care approach to ethics outcomes in quality improvement programs for depression. Psychiatric Services 2004;55(5):532‐9. - PubMed
Wells 2000b {published data only}
    1. Callahan CM, Kroenke K, Counsell SR, Hendrie HC, Perkins AJ, Katon W, et al. Treatment of depression improves physical functioning in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005;53(3):367‐73. - PubMed
    1. Clever SL, Ford DE, Rubenstein LV, Rost KM, Meredith LS, Sherbourne CD, et al. Primary care patients' involvement in decision‐making is associated with improvement in depression. Medical Care 2006;44(5):398‐405. - PubMed
    1. Dwight‐Johnson M, Unutzer J, Sherbourne C, Tang L, Wells KB. Can quality improvement programs for depression in primary care address patient preferences for treatment?. Medical Care 2001;39(9):934‐44. - PubMed
    1. Fraser SA, Kroenke K, Callahan CM, Hui SL, Williams JWJ, Unutzer J. Low yield of thyroid‐stimulating hormone testing in elderly patients with depression. General Hospital Psychiatry 2004;26(4):302‐9. - PubMed
    1. Halpern J, Johnson MD, Miranda J, Wells KB. The partners in care approach to ethics outcomes in quality improvement programs for depression. Psychiatric Services 2004;55(5):532‐9. - PubMed
Wilkinson 1993 {published data only}
    1. Wilkinson G. The role of the practice nurse in the management of depression. International Review of Psychiatry 1992;4(3‐4):311‐5.
    1. Wilkinson G, Allen P, Marshall E, Walker J, Browne W, Mann AH. The role of the practice nurse in the management of depression in general‐practice: treatment adherence to antidepressant medication. Psychological Medicine 1993;23(1):229‐37. - PubMed
Williams 2007 {published data only}
    1. Williams LS, Kroenke K, Bakas T, Plue LD, Brizendine E, Tu W, et al. Care management of poststroke depression: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 2007;38(3):998‐1003. - PubMed
Yeung 2010 {published data only}
    1. Yeung A, Shyu I, Fisher L, Wu S, Yang H, Fava M. Culturally sensitive collaborative treatment for depressed Chinese Americans in primary care. American Journal of Public Health 2010;100(12):2397‐402. - PMC - PubMed
Zatzick 2001 {published data only}
    1. Zatzick DF, Roy‐Byrne P, Russo JE, Rivara FP, Koike A, Jurkovich GJ, et al. Collaborative interventions for physically injured trauma survivors: A pilot randomized effectiveness trial. General Hospital Psychiatry 2001;23:114‐23. - PubMed
Zatzick 2004 {published data only}
    1. Zatzick D, Roy‐Byrne P, Russo J, Rivara F, Droesch R, Wagner A, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of stepped collaborative care for acutely injured trauma survivors. Archives of General Psychiatry 2004;61(5):498‐506. - PubMed
    1. Zatzick DF. Early PTSD and risk behavior intervention after admission for acute surgical trauma. Proceedings of the 158th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2005 May 21‐26; Atlanta (GA). 2005:No. 23C.

References to studies excluded from this review

Akerblad 2003 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Akerblad AC, Bengtsson F, Ekselius L, Knorring L. Effects of an educational compliance enhancement programme and therapeutic drug monitoring on treatment adherence in depressed patients managed by general practitioners. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003;18:347‐54. - PubMed
Al‐Saffar 2005 {published data only}
    1. Al‐Saffar N, Deshmukh AA, Carter P, Adib SM. Effect of information leaflets and counselling on antidepressant adherence: Open randomised controlled trial in a psychiatric hospital in Kuwait. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2005;13:123‐31.
Bolton 2001 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Bolton PG, Fergusson KJ, Parker SM, Orman JD. Randomised controlled trial of cognitive‐behavioural therapy and routine GP care for major depression. Medical Journal of Australia 2001;175:118‐9. - PubMed
Braamse 2010 {published data only}
    1. Braamse AM, Meijel B, Visser O, Oppen P, Boenink AD, Eeltink C, et al. Distress and quality of life after autologous stem cell transplantation: a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the outcome of a web‐based stepped care intervention. BMC Cancer 2010;10:361. - PMC - PubMed
Britian 1999 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Britian O. Integration of services for elderly people reduced costs and use of health services [commentary on Bernabei R, Landi F, Gambassi G, Sgadari A, Zuccala G, Mor V, et al. Randomized trial of impact of model of integrated care and case management for older people living in the community. BMJ 1998;316(7141):1348‐51]. Evidence‐Based Nursing 1999;2:20. - PMC - PubMed
Brook 2003 {published data only}
    1. Brook O, Hout H, Nieuwenhuyse H, Heerdink E. Impact of coaching by community pharmacists on drug attitude of depressive primary care patients and acceptability to patients; a randomized controlled trial. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;13:1‐9. - PubMed
Callahan 1994 {published data only}
    1. Callahan CM, Hendrie HC, Dittus RS, Brater DC, Hui SL, Tierney WM. Improving treatment of late‐life depression in primary care: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1994;42(8):839‐46. - PubMed
Callahan 2006 {published data only}
    1. Callahan CM, Boustani MA, Unverzagt FW, Austrom MG, Damush TM, Perkins AJ, et al. Effectiveness of collaborative care for older adults with Alzheimer disease in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006;295(18):2148‐57. - PubMed
Cheok 2003 {published data only}
    1. Cheok F, Schrader G, Banham D, Marker J, Hordacre AL. Identification, course, and treatment of depression after admission for a cardiac condition: rationale and patient characteristics for the Identifying Depression As a Comorbid Condition (IDACC) project. American Heart Journal 2003;146(6):978‐84. - PubMed
Coleman 1999 {published data only}
    1. Coleman EA, Grothaus LC, Sandhu N, Wagner EH. Chronic care clinics: a randomized controlled trial of a new model of primary care for frail older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1999;47(7):908‐9. - PubMed
Dobscha 2006 {published data only}
    1. Dobscha SK, Corson K, Hickam DH, Perrin NA, Kraemer DF, Gerrity MS. Depression decision support in primary care: a cluster randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2006;145(7):477‐87. - PubMed
Dobscha 2008 {published data only}
    1. Dobscha SK, Corson K, Leibowitz RQ, Sullivan MD, Gerrity MS. Rationale, design, and baseline findings from a randomized trial of collaborative care for chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care. Pain Medicine 2008;9(8):1050‐64. - PubMed
Dobscha 2009 {published data only}
    1. Dobscha SK, Corson K, Perrin NA, Hanson GC, Leibowitz RQ, Doak MN, et al. Collaborative care for chronic pain in primary care: a cluster randomized trial. JAMA 2009;301(12):1242‐52. - PubMed
Dozeman 2007 {published data only}
    1. Dozeman E, Schaik DJ, Beekman AT, Stalman WA, Bosmans JE, Marwijk HW. Depression and anxiety, an indicated prevention (DIP) protocol in homes for the elderly: feasibility and (cost) effectiveness of a stepped care programme. BMC Geriatrics 2007;7:6. - PMC - PubMed
Gellis 2010 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem‐solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2010;18:464‐74. - PMC - PubMed
Geron 2006 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Geron SM, Keefe B. Moving evidence‐based interventions to populations: a case study using social workers in primary care. Home Health Care Services Quarterly 2006;25(1‐2):95‐113. - PubMed
Hees 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hees HL, Koeter MW, Vries G, Ooteman W, Schene AH. Effectiveness of adjuvant occupational therapy in employees with depression: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2010;10:558. - PMC - PubMed
Katon 1992 {published data only}
    1. Katon W, Korff M, Lin E, Bush T, Russo J, Lipscomb P, et al. A randomized trial of psychiatric consultation with distressed high utilizers. General Hospital Psychiatry 1992;14(2):86‐98. - PubMed
Kroenke 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kroenke K, Bair MJ, Damush TM, Wu J, Hoke S, Sutherland J, et al. Optimized antidepressant therapy and pain self‐management in primary care patients with depression and musculoskeletal pain: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301(20):2099‐110. - PMC - PubMed
Lyles 2003 {published data only}
    1. Lyles JS, Hodges A, Collins C, Lein C, Given CW, Given B, et al. Using nurse practitioners to implement an intervention in primary care for high‐utilizing patients with medically unexplained symptoms. General Hospital Psychiatry 2003;25(2):63‐73. - PubMed
Meglic 2010 {published data only}
    1. Meglic M, Furlan M, Kuzmanic M, Kozel D, Baraga D, Kuhar I, et al. Feasibility of an eHealth service to support collaborative depression care: results of a pilot study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2010;12(5):e63. - PMC - PubMed
Mudge 2011 {published data only}
    1. Mudge AM, Denaro CP, Scott AC, Atherton JJ, Meyers DE, Marwick TH, et al. Exercise training in recently hospitalized heart failure patients enrolled in a disease management programme: Design of the EJECTION‐HF randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Heart Failure 2011;13(12):1370‐5. - PubMed
Oslin 2004 {published data only}
    1. Oslin DW, Thompson R, Kallan MJ, TenHave T, Blow FC, Bastani R, et al. Treatment effects from UPBEAT: a randomized trial of care management for behavioral health problems in hospitalized elderly patients. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2004;17(2):99‐106. - PubMed
Peveler 1999 {published data only}
    1. Peveler R, George C, Kinmonth AL, Campbell M, Thompson C. Effect of antidepressant drug counselling and information leaflets on adherence to drug treatment in primary care: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1999;319(7210):612‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Pols 2008 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Pols R, Battersby MW. Coordinated care in the management of patients with unexplained physical symptoms: depression is a key issue. Medical Journal of Australia 2008;188:S133–S137. - PubMed
Raue 2009 {published data only}
    1. Raue PJ, Schulberg HC, Heo M, Klimstra S, Bruce ML. Patients' depression treatment preferences and initiation, adherence, and outcome: A randomized primary care study. Psychiatric Services 2009;60(3):337‐43. - PMC - PubMed
Rickles 2005 {published data only}
    1. Rickles NM, Svarstad BL, Statz‐Paynter JL, Taylor LV, Kobak KA. Pharmacist telemonitoring of antidepressant use: effects on pharmacist‐patient collaboration. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2005;45(3):344‐53. - PubMed
Riegel 2006 {published data only}
    1. Riegel B, Carlson B, Glaser D, Romero T. Randomized controlled trial of telephone case management in Hispanics of Mexican origin with heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2006;12(3):211‐9. - PubMed
Seekles 2009 {published data only}
    1. Seekles W, Straten A, Beekman A, Marwijk H, Cuijpers P. Stepped care for depression and anxiety: from primary care to specialized mental health care: a randomised controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a stepped care program among primary care patients with mood or anxiety disorders. BMC Health Services Research 2009;9:90. - PMC - PubMed
Simon 2006 {published data only}
    1. Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Operskalski BH. Randomized trial of a telephone care management program for outpatients starting antidepressant treatment. Psychiatric Services 2006;57(10):1441‐5. - PubMed
Sirey 2010 {published data only}
    1. Sirey JA, Bruce ML, Kales HC. Improving antidepressant adherence and depression outcomes in primary care: The Treatment Initiation and Participation (TIP) Program. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2010;18(6):554‐62. - PMC - PubMed
Stevens 2009 {published data only}
    1. Stevens J, Klima J, Chisolm D, Kelleher K J. A trial of telephone services to increase adolescent utilization of health care for psychosocial problems. Journal of Adolescent Health 2009;45:564‐70. - PubMed
Van't Veer‐Tazelaar 2009 {published data only}
    1. van't Veer‐Tazelaar PJ, Marwijk HW, Oppen P, Hout HP, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, et al. Stepped‐care prevention of anxiety and depression in late life: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 2009;66(3):297‐304. - PubMed
van der Feltz‐Cornelis 2006 {published data only}
    1. Feltz‐Cornelis CM, Oppen P, Ader HJ, Dyck R. Randomised controlled trial of a collaborative care model with psychiatric consultation for persistent medically unexplained symptoms in general practice. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2006;75(5):282‐9. - PubMed
van der Feltz‐Cornelis 2010 {published data only}
    1. Feltz‐Cornelis CM, Hoedeman R, Jong FJ, Meeuwissen JAC, Drewes HW, Laan NC, et al. Faster return to work after psychiatric consultation for sicklisted employees with common mental health disorders compared to care as usual. A randomized clinical trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2010;6:375‐85. - PMC - PubMed
Wang 2007 {published data only}
    1. Wang PS, Simon GE, Avorn J, Azocar F, Ludman EJ, McCulloch J, et al. Telephone screening, outreach, and care management for depressed workers and impact on clinical and work productivity outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;298(12):1401‐11. - PMC - PubMed
Whooley 2000 {published data only}
    1. Whooley MA, Stone B, Soghikian K. Randomized trial of case‐finding for depression in elderly primary care patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2000;15(5):293‐300. - PMC - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Aragones 2007 {published data only}
    1. Aragones E, Caballero A, Pinol JL, Lopez‐Cortacans G, Badia W, Hernandez JM, et al. Assessment of an enhanced program for depression management in primary care: a cluster randomized controlled trial. The INDI project (Interventions for Depression Improvement). BMC Public Health 2007;7:253. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Aragones E, Lopez‐Cortacans G, Badia W, Hernandez JM, Caballero A, Labad A. Improving the role of nursing in the treatment of depression in primary care in Spain. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 2008;44(4):248‐58. - PubMed
Joubert 2006 {published data only}
    1. Joubert J, Reid C, Joubert L, Barton D, Ruth D, Jackson D, et al. Risk factor management and depression post‐stroke: The value of an integrated model of care. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2006;13(1):84‐90. - PubMed
Joubert 2008 {published data only}
    1. Joubert J, Joubert L, Reid C, Barton D, Cumming T, Mitchell P, et al. The positive effect of integrated care on depressive symptoms in stroke survivors. Cerebrovascular Diseases 2008;26(2):199‐205. - PubMed
Mareev 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mareev V, Danielyan M, Yu B. Congestive heart failure: A multidisciplinary non‐pharmacological approach for changing in re‐hospitalisation and prognosis in patients with concomitant anxiety and depression (CHANCE‐AND). Journal of Cardiac Failure. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Scientific Meeting, Heart Failure Society of America; 2010 Sept 12‐15; San Diego (CA). 2010; Vol. 16:913.
O'Connor 2001 {published data only}
    1. O'Connor A. Evaluation of GP based mood disorder clinic: A randomised controlled trial of an innovative model of treating depressed people in the community. National Research Register 2001.
Walker 2009a {published data only}
    1. Walker J, Cassidy J, Sharpe M, SMaRT Oncology‐2 Trialists. The second symptom Management Research Trial in Oncology (SMaRT Oncology‐2): A randomised trial to determine the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of adding a complex intervention for major depressive disorder to usual care for cancer patients. Trials 2009;10:18. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Walker J, Sharpe M. Depression care for people with cancer: a collaborative care intervention. General Hospital Psychiatry 2009;31(5):436‐41. - PubMed
Walker 2009b {published data only}
    1. Walker J, Cassidy J, Sharpe M. The third symptom management research trial in oncology (SMaRT Oncology‐3): A randomised trial to determine the efficacy of adding a complex intervention for major depressive disorder (depression care for people with lung cancer) to usual care, compared to usual care alone in patients with lung cancer. Trials 2009;10:92. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Walker M, Walker L, Walker A, Bateman J, Braid F, Hebblewhite C, et al. Preventing psychiatric morbidity in people with cancer. Psycho‐Oncology. Proceedings of the 11th World Congress of Psycho‐Oncology of the International Psycho‐Oncology Society; 2009 June 21‐25; Vienna, Austria. 2009.
Wu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Wu HS, Xu Y, Xu YF, Zhu HX, Zhu LP, Xue JJ, et al. Effectiveness of case management of chronic disease for elderly depression in community [Chinese]. Chinese Mental Health Journal 2010;24(4):245‐9.

References to ongoing studies

Chen 2011 {published data only}
    1. Chen S, Conwell Y, Xu B, Chiu H, Tu X, Ma Y. Depression care management for late‐life depression in China in primary care: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011;12:121. - PMC - PubMed
Chung 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chung B. Community partners in care: a partnership to improve depression care in Los Angeles. Proceedings of the 164th Annual General Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. 2011:333‐4.
    1. Chung B, Jones L, Dixon EL, Miranda J, Wells K, Community Partners in Care Steering Council. Using a community partnered participatory research approach to implement a randomized controlled trial: planning community partners in care. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 2010;21(3):780‐95. - PMC - PubMed
Cooper 2010 {published data only}
    1. Cooper LA, Ford DE, Ghods BK, Roter DL, Primm AB, Larson SM, et al. A cluster randomized trial of standard quality improvement versus patient‐centered interventions to enhance depression care for African Americans in the primary care setting: study protocol. Implementation Science 2010;5:18. - PMC - PubMed
Freund 2011 {published data only}
    1. Freund T, Peters‐Klimm F, Rochon J, Mahler C, Gensichen J, Erler A, et al. Primary care practice‐based care management for chronically ill patients (PraCMan): Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011;12:163. - PMC - PubMed
Gitlin 2012 {published data only}
    1. Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy M, Chernett NL, Jutkowitz E, Pizzi LT, Beat the Blues Team. A community‐integrated home based depression intervention for older African Americans: description of the Beat the Blues randomized trial and intervention costs. BMC Geriatrics 2012;12:4. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jutkowitz E, Pizzi LT, Gitlin L, Foley K, Chernett N, McCoy M. Costs of a community support program for depression: Results from the beat the blues (BTB) trial. Value in Health. Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Meeting of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, ISPOR; 2010 Nov 6‐9; Prague Czech Republic. 2010; Vol. 13, issue 7:A449.
    1. Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, Gitlin L, Suh DC, Dennis M. Baseline results from beat the blues. Value in Health. Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Meeting of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, ISPOR; 2011 May 21‐25; Baltimore (MD). 2011; Vol. 14:A195.
Graven 2011 {published data only}
    1. Graven C, Brock K, Hill K, Ames D, Cotton S, Joubert L. From rehabilitation to recovery: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating a goal‐based intervention to reduce depression and facilitate participation post‐stroke. BMC Neurology 2011;11:73. - PMC - PubMed
Horn 2007 {published data only}
    1. Horn EK, Benthem TB, Hakkaart‐Van Roijen L, Marwijk HWJ, Beekman ATF, Rutten FF, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of collaborative care for chronically ill patients with comorbid depressive disorder in the general hospital setting, a randomised controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research 2007;7:28. - PMC - PubMed
Ijff 2007 {published data only}
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References to other published versions of this review

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Publication types