Predictors of early, late, and very late stent thrombosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention with bare-metal and drug-eluting stents for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and predictors of stent thrombosis (ST) after stenting for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Background: Stent thrombosis remains a major concern with STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods: Consecutive patients (N = 1,640) undergoing stenting for STEMI were prospectively enrolled in our database and followed for 1 to 15 years. Bare-metal stents were implanted from 1995 to 2002, and drug-eluting and bare-metal stents were implanted from 2003 to 2009. Stent thrombosis was defined as definite or probable.

Results: Our population had a high risk profile, including a high incidence of Killip class III to IV (11.5%) and STEMI due to ST (10.2%). Stent thrombosis occurred in 124 patients, including 42 with early ST (0 to 30 days), 35 with late ST (31 days to 1 year), and 47 with very late ST (>1 year). The frequency of ST was 2.7% at 30 days, 5.2% at 1 year, and 8.3% at 5 years. Independent predictors of early or late ST were STEMI due to ST (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.27 to 8.45), small stent size (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.49 to 4.00), Killip class III to IV (HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30 to 4.40), and reperfusion time ≤2 h (HR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.03 to 4.24). Drug-eluting stent was the only independent predictor of very late ST (HR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.81 to 7.88).

Conclusions: Stent thrombosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention is relatively frequent and continues to increase out to 5 years. New strategies are needed to prevent ST in STEMI patients, and targeted therapies are needed in patients identified at highest risk.