The profile and follow-up of patients who attend the Emergency Department following a fall

Abstract

Falls in the older population are associated with increased morbidity and mortality especially in the absence of risk reduction measures. The study aims were to compare the characteristics of older people who present to the Emergency Department (ED) following a fall with the general older ED population and examine referral patterns following ED discharge. Face-to-face interviews were carried out with 306 people aged 65 years or older. Data was collected on demographic, socio-economic, health and social support factors. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson chi-square test or independent t-test) were used to compare the falls and non-falls group. Falls occurred in 17% (53/306) of the study population and 43% sustained an injury requiring medical intervention. Patients in the falls group were significantly more likely to be female (68%), older (79 years (SD 6.6)) and living alone (59%). The physical and mental health profile of the falls and non-falls group was similar with 30-40% of people in both groups experiencing moderate to severe physical health impairment. A third of the falls group was discharged from the ED without evidence of referrals.

Conclusion: The older population that present to the ED following a fall requires comprehensive risk factor assessment especially physical function and referrals that include falls prevention. Implications for staff: ED staff need to examine current practice within their ED in relation to falls assessment, management and referral pathways.