Sitting time and health outcomes among Mexican origin adults: obesity as a mediator

Abstract

Background: Sitting time and sedentary behaviors have been associated with adverse health outcomes including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) within non- Hispanic White populations. Similar associations have not been described within Hispanic populations despite their high CVD risk profile. This study aimed to assess the association between sitting time and obesity, self-reported diagnosed diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol among a large cohort (N=11,268) of Mexican origin adults and to assess whether obesity mediated these associations.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, data collected between 2004 and 2010 were analyzed in late 2010. Regression analyses evaluated associations between self-reported daily sitting hours and disease outcomes, controlling for demographics, employment status, family disease history, and light, moderate and strenuous physical activity.

Results: Participants were mostly female (81.1%) Mexican origin adults. Sitting time was associated with increased odds of being obese, having diabetes and having hypertension, but not high cholesterol. Adjusted odds ratios of participants who reported sitting > 4 hours/day compared to those sitting 1-2 hours/day were for obesity OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.39, 1.73), p<.001, for diabetes OR=1.29 (95% CI, 1.09, 1.52), p=.003, for hypertension OR=1.17 (95% CI, 1.01, 1.37), p=.041. Associations controlled for physical activity and employment status. Effects on hypertension and diabetes were mediated by obesity.

Conclusions: Sitting time was significantly associated with detrimental health outcomes, independent of physical activity. Obesity mediated these relationships for diabetes and hypertension. Future research should assess whether interventions addressing sitting time are feasible and effective among Mexican origin populations.

Figure 1

Mediation of sitting time and diabetes through obesity among a cohort of Mexican Origin adults. This figure shows the findings of a multivariate logistic regression analysis assessing if obesity mediated the association between sitting time and diabetes. The analyses controlled for participants’ age, sex, educational attainment, proportion of life lived in the U.S., employment status, family disease history and engagement in light, moderate and strenuous physical activity.

Figure 2

Mediation of sitting time and hypertension through obesity among a cohort of Mexican Origin adults. This figure shows the findings of a multivariate logistic regression analysis assessing if obesity mediated the association between sitting time and hypertension. The analyses controlled for participants’ age, sex, educational attainment, proportion of life lived in the U.S., employment status, family disease history and engagement in light, moderate and strenuous physical activity.