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Comment
. 2012 Oct;35(5):374-5.
doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12001070.

Gene-independent heritability of behavioural traits: don't we also need to rethink the "environment"?

Christian P Müller  1 , Bernd Lenz, Johannes Kornhuber
Affiliations
Comment

Gene-independent heritability of behavioural traits: don't we also need to rethink the "environment"?

Christian P Müller et al. Behav Brain Sci. 2012 Oct.

Abstract

Behavioural phenotypes have been explained by genetic and environmental factors (E) and their interaction. Here we suggest a rethinking of the E factor. Passively incurred environmental influences (E pass) and actively copied information and behaviour (E act) may be distinguished at shared and non-shared level. We argue that E act underlies mutation and selection and is the base of gene-independent heritability.

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