Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Clinical Trial
. 2012 Nov;13(11):1417-24.
doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01498.x. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

Measurement of affective and activity pain interference using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI): Cancer and Leukemia Group B 70903

Thomas M Atkinson  1 , Susan Halabi, Antonia V Bennett, Lauren Rogak, Laura Sit, Yuelin Li, Ellen Kaplan, Ethan Basch; Cancer and Leukemia Group B
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Measurement of affective and activity pain interference using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI): Cancer and Leukemia Group B 70903

Thomas M Atkinson et al. Pain Med. 2012 Nov.

Abstract

Objective: The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was designed to yield separate scores for pain intensity and interference. It has been proposed that the pain interference factor can be further broken down into unique factors of affective (e.g., mood) and activity (e.g., work) interference. The purpose of this analysis was to confirm this affective/activity interference dichotomy.

Patients and methods: A retrospective confirmatory factor analysis was completed for a sample of 184 individuals diagnosed with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (age 40-86, mean = 65.46, 77% White non-Hispanic) who had been administered the BPI as part of Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 9480. A one-factor model was compared against two-factor and three-factor models that were developed based on the design of the instrument.

Results: Root mean squared error of approximation (0.075), comparative fit index (0.971), and change in chi-square, given the corresponding change in degrees of freedom (13.33, P < 0.05) values for the three-factor model (i.e., pain intensity, activity interference, and affective interference), were statistically superior in comparison with the one- and two-factor models. This three-factor structure was found to be invariant across age, mean prostate-specific antigen, and hemoglobin levels.

Conclusions: These results confirm that the BPI can be used to quantify the degree to which pain separately interferes with affective and activity aspects of a patient's everyday life. These findings will provide clinical trialists, pharmaceutical sponsors, and regulators with confidence in the flexibility of the BPI as they consider the use of this instrument to assist with understanding the patient experience as it relates to treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Confirmatory Factor Model for the Three-Factor Solution
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Daut RL, Cleeland CS. The prevalence and severity of pain in cancer. Cancer. 1982;50:1913–1918. - PubMed
    1. Daut RL, Cleeland CS, Flanery RC. Development of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire to assess pain in cancer and other diseases. Pain. 1983;17:197–210. - PubMed
    1. Atkinson TM, Mendoza TR, Sit L, Passik S, Scher HI, Cleeland C, et al. The Brief Pain Inventory and its "Pain at its Worst in the Last 24 Hours" Item: Clinical Trial Endpoint Considerations. Pain Medicine. 2010;11:337–346. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yun YH, Mendoza TR, Heo DS, Yoo T, Heo BY, Park H-A, et al. Development of a cancer pain assessment tool in Korea: A validation of a Korean version of the Brief Pain Inventory. Oncology. 2004;66:439–444. - PubMed
    1. Klepstad P, Loge JH, Borchgrevink PC, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS, Kaasa S. The Norwegian Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire: Translation and validation in cancer pain patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;24:517–525. - PubMed

Publication types