Warifteine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, induces relaxation by activating potassium channels in vascular myocytes

Abstract

The present study used functional and electrophysiological approaches to investigate the mechanisms by which warifteine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl., causes vasorelaxation of the rat thoracic aorta. Warifteine (1 pmol/L-10 μmol/L) induced concentration-dependent relaxation (pD(2) = 9.40 ± 0.06; n = 5) of endothelium-intact aortic rings precontracted with noradrenaline (10-100 μmol/L). The relaxation effects were not attenuated by removal of the endothelium. Warifteine also induced the relaxation of prostaglandin F(2α) (1-10 mmol/L)-precontracted rings (pD(2) = 9.2 ± 0.2; n = 8). In contrast, the relaxant activity of warifteine was nearly abolished in high K(+) (80 mmol/L)-precontracted aortic rings. In preparations incubated with 20 mmol/L KCl or with the K(+) channel blockers tetraethylammonium (1, 3 and 5 mmol/L), iberiotoxin (20 nmol/L), 4-aminopyridine (1 mmol/L) or glibenclamide (10 μmol/L), the vasorelaxant activity of warifteine was markedly reduced. However, BaCl(2) (1 mmol/L) had no effect on the relaxant effects of warifteine. In vascular myocytes, warifteine (100 nmol/L) significantly increased whole-cell K(+) currents (at 70 mV). Under nominally Ca(2+) -free conditions, warifteine did not reduce extracellular Ca(2+) -induced contractions in rings precontracted with high K(+) or noradrenaline (100 μmol/L). Together, the results of the present study indicate that warifteine induces potent concentration-dependent relaxation in the rat aorta via an endothelium-independent mechanism that involves the activation of K(+) channels.