Mouse models for studies of retinal degeneration and diseases

Abstract

Mouse models, with their well-developed genetics and similarity to human physiology and anatomy, serve as powerful tools with which to investigate the etiology of human retinal degeneration. Mutant mice also provide reproducible, experimental systems for elucidating pathways of normal development and function. Here, I describe the tools used in the discoveries of many retinal degeneration models, including indirect ophthalmoscopy (to look at the fundus appearance), fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (to document the fundus appearance), electroretinography (to check retinal function), as well as the heritability test (for genetic characterization).

Figure 1

Ophthalmic instruments used for mouse fundus examination.

Figure 2

The major components of the electroretinogram system used in our laboratory.

Figure 3

An eye prior to dilation in pigmented mice (A) and albino mice (B) and the pupil of the same eye in its dilated state (C, D).

Figure 4

Normal mouse fundus in pigmented mice (A) and albino mice (B) as well as retinal degeneration fundus in pigmented mice (C) and albino mice (D).

Figure 5

Normal mouse fundus prior to the fluorescein injection (A) and the same eye after the fluorescein injection (C). Mouse fundus with neovascular depigmented spots (B) prior to the fluorescein injection and the same eye after the fluorescein injection (D).

Figure 6

Representative ERG responses to a bright flash obtained from a mouse with normal retinal function (A) and a mouse with abnormal retinal function (B).