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Comparative Study
. 2013 Mar;30(3):234-41.
doi: 10.1002/da.22014. Epub 2012 Nov 26.

Aberrant amygdala-frontal cortex connectivity during perception of fearful faces and at rest in generalized social anxiety disorder

Katherine E Prater  1 , Avinash Hosanagar, Heide Klumpp, Mike Angstadt, K Luan Phan
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Aberrant amygdala-frontal cortex connectivity during perception of fearful faces and at rest in generalized social anxiety disorder

Katherine E Prater et al. Depress Anxiety. 2013 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Generalized social anxiety disorder (gSAD) is characterized by exaggerated amygdala reactivity to social signals of threat, but if and how the amygdala interacts with functionally and anatomically connected prefrontal cortex (PFC) remains largely unknown. Recent evidence points to aberrant amygdala connectivity to medial PFC in gSAD at rest, but it is difficult to attribute functional relevance without the context of threat processing. Here, we address this by studying amygdala-frontal cortex connectivity during viewing of fearful faces and at rest in gSAD patients.

Methods: Twenty patients with gSAD and 17 matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging of an emotional face matching task and a resting state task. Functional connectivity and psychophysiological interaction analysis were used to assess amygdala connectivity.

Results: Compared to HCs, gSAD patients exhibited less connectivity between amygdala and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) while viewing fearful faces. gSAD patients also showed less connectivity between amygdala and rostral ACC at rest in the absence of fearful faces. DLPFC connectivity was negatively correlated with LSASFear (where LSAS is Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale).

Conclusions: Task and rest paradigms provide unique and important information about discrete and overlapping functional networks. In particular, amygdala coupling to DLPFC may be a phasic abnormality, emerging only in the presence of a social predictor of threat, whereas amygdala coupling to the rostral ACC may reflect both phasic and tonic abnormalities. These findings prompt further studies to better delineate intrinsic and externally evoked brain connectivity in anxiety and depression in relation to amygdala dysfunction.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Top panel shows results from whole-brain voxel-wise statistical t-map of less amygdala connectivity to the rostral ACC and DLPFC during viewing of fearful faces minus happy faces; bar graphs show extracted measure of connectivity within each group. Bottom panel shows results from whole-brain voxel-wise statistical t-map of less amygdala connectivity to the rostral ACC during rest; bar graphs show extracted measure of connectivity within each group. Color scale reflects t-score. GSAD, Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder; HC, Healthy Control
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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