Comment on

• 2001 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies: Lumbar fusion versus nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain: a multicenter randomized controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group.

  Fritzell P, Hägg O, Wessberg P, Nordwall A; Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group. Fritzell P, et al. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Dec 1;26(23):2521-32; discussion 2532-4. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200112010-00002. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001. PMID: 11725230 Clinical Trial.
• Randomized clinical trial of lumbar instrumented fusion and cognitive intervention and exercises in patients with chronic low back pain and disc degeneration.

  Brox JI, Sørensen R, Friis A, Nygaard Ø, Indahl A, Keller A, Ingebrigtsen T, Eriksen HR, Holm I, Koller AK, Riise R, Reikerås O. Brox JI, et al. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Sep 1;28(17):1913-21. doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000083234.62751.7A. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003. PMID: 12973134 Clinical Trial.
• Randomised controlled trial to compare surgical stabilisation of the lumbar spine with an intensive rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic low back pain: the MRC spine stabilisation trial.

  Fairbank J, Frost H, Wilson-MacDonald J, Yu LM, Barker K, Collins R; Spine Stabilisation Trial Group. Fairbank J, et al. BMJ. 2005 May 28;330(7502):1233. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38441.620417.8F. Epub 2005 May 23. BMJ. 2005. PMID: 15911537 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
• A prospective, randomized, multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemptions study of lumbar total disc replacement with the CHARITE artificial disc versus lumbar fusion: part I: evaluation of clinical outcomes.

  Blumenthal S, McAfee PC, Guyer RD, Hochschuler SH, Geisler FH, Holt RT, Garcia R Jr, Regan JJ, Ohnmeiss DD. Blumenthal S, et al. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Jul 15;30(14):1565-75; discussion E387-91. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000170587.32676.0e. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005. PMID: 16025024 Clinical Trial.
• Lumbar instrumented fusion compared with cognitive intervention and exercises in patients with chronic back pain after previous surgery for disc herniation: a prospective randomized controlled study.

  Brox JI, Reikerås O, Nygaard Ø, Sørensen R, Indahl A, Holm I, Keller A, Ingebrigtsen T, Grundnes O, Lange JE, Friis A. Brox JI, et al. Pain. 2006 May;122(1-2):145-55. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.027. Epub 2006 Mar 20. Pain. 2006. PMID: 16545523 Clinical Trial.
• Results of the prospective, randomized, multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-L total disc replacement versus circumferential fusion for the treatment of 1-level degenerative disc disease.

  Zigler J, Delamarter R, Spivak JM, Linovitz RJ, Danielson GO 3rd, Haider TT, Cammisa F, Zuchermann J, Balderston R, Kitchel S, Foley K, Watkins R, Bradford D, Yue J, Yuan H, Herkowitz H, Geiger D, Bendo J, Peppers T, Sachs B, Girardi F, Kropf M, Goldstein J. Zigler J, et al. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 May 15;32(11):1155-62; discussion 1163. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318054e377. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007. PMID: 17495770 Clinical Trial.
• Prospective, randomized, multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of lumbar total disc replacement with the CHARITE artificial disc versus lumbar fusion: five-year follow-up.

  Guyer RD, McAfee PC, Banco RJ, Bitan FD, Cappuccino A, Geisler FH, Hochschuler SH, Holt RT, Jenis LG, Majd ME, Regan JJ, Tromanhauser SG, Wong DC, Blumenthal SL. Guyer RD, et al. Spine J. 2009 May;9(5):374-86. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2008.08.007. Epub 2008 Sep 19. Spine J. 2009. PMID: 18805066 Clinical Trial.
• Total disc replacement compared to lumbar fusion: a randomised controlled trial with 2-year follow-up.

  Berg S, Tullberg T, Branth B, Olerud C, Tropp H. Berg S, et al. Eur Spine J. 2009 Oct;18(10):1512-9. doi: 10.1007/s00586-009-1047-0. Epub 2009 Jun 9. Eur Spine J. 2009. PMID: 19506919 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
• Four-year follow-up of surgical versus non-surgical therapy for chronic low back pain.

  Brox JI, Nygaard ØP, Holm I, Keller A, Ingebrigtsen T, Reikerås O. Brox JI, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Sep;69(9):1643-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.108902. Epub 2009 Jul 26. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010. PMID: 19635718 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
• Surgery with disc prosthesis versus rehabilitation in patients with low back pain and degenerative disc: two year follow-up of randomised study.

  Hellum C, Johnsen LG, Storheim K, Nygaard OP, Brox JI, Rossvoll I, Rø M, Sandvik L, Grundnes O; Norwegian Spine Study Group. Hellum C, et al. BMJ. 2011 May 19;342:d2786. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d2786. BMJ. 2011. PMID: 21596740 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.