Relationship of other cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein bodies (cRNPB) to GW/P bodies

Abstract

GW/P body components are involved in the post-transcriptional -processing of messenger RNA (mRNA) through the RNA interference and 5' → 3' mRNA degradation pathways, as well as functioning in mRNA transport and stabilization. It is currently thought that the relevant mRNA silencing and degrading factors are partitioned to these cytoplasmic microdomains thus effecting post-transcriptional regulation and the prevention of accidental degradation of functional mRNA. Although much attention has focused on GW/P bodies, a variety of other cytoplasmic RNP bodies (cRNPB) also have highly specialized functions and have been shown to interact or co-localize with components of GW/P bodies. These cRNPB include neuronal transport RNP granules, stress granules, RNP-rich cytoplasmic germline granules or chromatoid bodies, sponge bodies, cytoplasmic prion protein-induced RNP granules, U bodies and TAM bodies. Of clinical relevance, autoantibodies directed against protein and miRNA components of GW/P bodies have been associated with autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases and cancer. Understanding the molecular function of GW/P bodies and their interactions with other cRNPB may provide clues to the etiology or pathogenesis of diseases associated with autoantibodies directed to these structures. This chapter will focus on the similarities and differences of the various cRNPB as an approach to understanding their functional relationships to GW/P bodies.