The differential susceptibility of spores from virulent and attenuated Bacillus anthracis strains to aldehyde- and hypochlorite-based disinfectants

Abstract

This study compared the sensitivity of spores from virulent and attenuated Bacillus anthracis strains in suspension to inactivation by various chemical disinfectants. Spore suspensions from two virulent strains (A0256 and A0372) and two attenuated strains (Sterne and A0141) of B. anthracis were tested against two aldehyde-based disinfectants and one hypochlorite-based disinfectant. A novel statistical model was used to estimate 4-log(10) reduction times for each disinfectant/strain combination. Reduction times were compared statistically using approximate Z and χ(2) tests. Although there was no consistent correlation between virulence and increased sporicidal resistance across all three disinfectants, spores from the two virulent and two attenuated strains did display significantly different susceptibilities to different disinfectants. Significant disinfectant-strain interactions were observed for two of the three disinfectants evaluated. The comparative results suggest that the use of surrogate organisms to model the inactivation kinetics of virulent B. anthracis spores may be misleading. The accuracy of such extrapolations is disinfectant dependent and must be used with caution.

Figure 1

Inactivation kinetics of Bacillus anthracis spores from virulent strains A0256 (▲,―) and A0372 (▪,– –) and attenuated strains Sterne (o, ····) and A0141 (□, —) upon treatment with 1.5% alkaline glutaraldehyde (GTA), 0.3% ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), and 0.55% stabilized sodium hypochlorite (SSH).