[Scoliosis: review of types, aetiology, diagnostics, and treatment 2]

Abstract

In congenital scoliosis, an anatomical spine deformity arose during embryonic vertebral development which caused a deformity. Approximately 38-55% of these deformities appear as a syndrome. Prognosis and preferred treatment depend on the type offailure and the severity of the deformity, but surgical correction is often necessary. Neuromuscular scoliosis generally arises at a young age, is often rapidly progressive, and the magnitude of the curve can also progress even in adulthood. The prognosis of the curve together with the symptoms and prognosis of the associated neuromuscular condition determine the preferred treatment. The goal of surgical treatment is to improve the patient's quality of life. Two types of adult scoliosis occur: adult idiopathic scoliosis and adult degenerative scoliosis. The surgical principles for adult idiopathic scoliosis are almost identical to those for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In degenerative scoliosis, there is almost always a shorter fusion length. In the case of neurologic impairments, decompression of the spinal cord or nerve roots should be carried out.