Hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype predicts diabetes: a cohort study in Chinese urban adults

Abstract

Background: Hypertriglycedemic-waist (HTGW) phenotype is a simple and inexpensive screening parameter to identify people at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We evaluated whether the HTGW phenotype predicts prediabetes and diabetes in Chinese urban adults.

Methods: Two thousand nine hundred and eight (2908) subjects including 1957 men and 951 women, aged 20 years and older, free of prediabetes and diabetes at baseline were enrolled in 2008 and followed for 3 years. Meanwhile, new cases of prediabetes and diabetes were identified via annual physical examination. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of HTGW phenotype with the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes.

Results: One thousand five hundred and thirty-three (1533) new prediabetes and 90 new diabetes cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period. The accumulated incidence of prediabetes and diabetes was 52.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Compared with the normal waist normal triglyceride (NWNT) group, those in the HTGW group had higher incidence of prediabetes and diabetes for both men and women. The hazard ratio (HR) for developing prediabetes in the presence of HTGW phenotype at baseline was 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.04-2.19) in women, not in men (HR=1.01; 95% CI = 0.82-1.24), after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The HR for developing diabetes were 4.46 (95% CI = 1.88-10.60) in men and 4.64 (95% CI = 1.20-17.97) in women for people who were HTGW phenotype at baseline, after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Conclusions: The HTGW phenotype can be used as a simple screening approach to predict diabetes. By using this approach, it is possible to identify individuals at high-risk for diabetes, which is of great significance in reducing the incidence of diabetes among Chinese urban adults.

Figure 1

Cumulative incidence of prediabetes stratified by the 4 phenotype groups for men and women. Note: NWNT (normal waist normal triglyceride) was defined as serum triglyceride concentration <1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference <90 cm for men and <80 cm for women; HTG (hypertriglyceridemia) was defined as serum triglyceride concentration ≥1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference <90 cm for men and <80 cm for women; EW (enlarged waist) was defined as serum triglyceride concentration <1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women, HTGW (hypertriglyceridemic-waist) was defined as serum triglyceride concentration ≥1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women.

Figure 2

Cumulative incidence of diabetes stratified by the 4 phenotype groups for men and women. Note: NWNT (normal waist normal triglyceride) was defined as serum triglyceride concentration <1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference <90 cm for men and <80 cm for women; HTG (hypertriglyceridemia) was defined as serum triglyceride concentration ≥1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference <90 cm for men and <80 cm for women; EW (enlarged waist) was defined as serum triglyceride concentration <1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women, HTGW (hypertriglyceridemic-waist) was defined as serum triglyceride concentration ≥1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women.