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. 2012 Dec 1;3(12):3067-86.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.3.003067. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography of multi-MHz A-scan rates at 1310 nm range and real-time 4D-display up to 41 volumes/second

Affiliations

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography of multi-MHz A-scan rates at 1310 nm range and real-time 4D-display up to 41 volumes/second

Dong-Hak Choi et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

An ultrafast frequency domain optical coherence tomography system was developed at A-scan rates between 2.5 and 10 MHz, a B-scan rate of 4 or 8 kHz, and volume-rates between 12 and 41 volumes/second. In the case of the worst duty ratio of 10%, the averaged A-scan rate was 1 MHz. Two optical demultiplexers at a center wavelength of 1310 nm were used for linear-k spectral dispersion and simultaneous differential signal detection at 320 wavelengths. The depth-range, sensitivity, sensitivity roll-off by 6 dB, and axial resolution were 4 mm, 97 dB, 6 mm, and 23 μm, respectively. Using FPGAs for FFT and a GPU for volume rendering, a real-time 4D display was demonstrated at a rate up to 41 volumes/second for an image size of 256 (axial) × 128 × 128 (lateral) voxels.

Keywords: (100.6890) Three-dimensional image processing; (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography; (170.4500) Optical coherence tomography.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Experimental configuration of our system. In inset (a), spectral shape of light at output of FIL is shown.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)-type optical demultiplexer.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Dependence of optical frequency on channel number. (a) Optical demultiplexer (AWG) OD+, (b) Optical demultiplexer (AWG) OD−.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Superposed spectra observed at selected channels (1, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320) of optical demultiplexer (AWG) OD+.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(a) Spectra observed at 160-channel of two optical demultiplexers; OD+ : red, OD−: blue. (b) Plot of spectrum observed at channel 160 of optical demultiplexer OD+ with linear vertical scale.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Dependence of attenuation on channel number are shown for (a) optical demultiplexer OD+ and (b) optical demultiplexer OD−. Dependence of non-adjacent background crosstalk on channel number are shown for (c) optical demultiplexer (AWG) OD+ and (d) optical demultiplexer (AWG) OD−.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Block diagram of A/D converter array and ultrafast data processing system.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Example of screen image of ultrafast real-time 4D OCT system.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Effect of normalization of interference signal. (a) Interference signal before normalization. (b) Interference signal after normalization. (c) Power spectrum before normalization. (d) Power spectrum after normalization.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
(a) Experimental system for sensitivity measurement using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA2). (b) Measurements of noise and signal (54 nW) as function of reference power to determine sensitivity.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
(a) Point spread function as function of axial depth. (b) Axial resolution measurement; A (black): apodization with Hanning window, B (red): apodization with rectangular window.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Representative frames of videos of 4D real-time OCT display. Videos of miosis of human eye responding to on-off of pen light: (a) only 3D-rendered image (Media 1), (b) simultaneous display of three images (Media 2). (d) Video of deformation of rubber band (photo (c)) following repeated change in stretching length (Media 3). Videos of human thumb skin: (e) Virtual cutting at surface perpendicular to lateral axis (Media 4, perpendicular to fast axis; Media 5, perpendicular to slow axis), (f) virtual cutting at surface perpendicular to depth axis (Media 6), (g) horizontal rotation (Media 7), (h) vertical rotation (Media 8).
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
(a) Representative image of video showing a series of 3D images of porcine trachea as we move the cutting surface in transverse direction (Media 9). (b) Representative image of video showing a series of cross-sectional images in transverse direction (Media 10). M represents mucosa region; SM: submucosa region; C: cartilage; and PC: perichondrium.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14
(a) A rendered 3D image of the human middle finger recorded at a volume rate of 41 volumes/second. (b) A B-scan image selected from the 3D image.

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