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. 2012 Sep;16(3):400-5.
doi: 10.4103/0973-029X.102496.

Chemical and physical basics of routine formaldehyde fixation

Rooban Thavarajah  1 , Vidya Kazhiyur Mudimbaimannar, Joshua Elizabeth, Umadevi Krishnamohan Rao, Kannan Ranganathan
Affiliations

Chemical and physical basics of routine formaldehyde fixation

Rooban Thavarajah et al. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2012 Sep.

Abstract

Formaldehyde is the widely employed fixative that has been studied for decades. The chemistry of fixation has been studied widely since the early 20(th) century. However, very few studies have been focused on the actual physics/chemistry aspect of process of this fixation. This article attempts to explain the chemistry of formaldehyde fixation and also to study the physical aspects involved in the fixation. The factors involved in the fixation process are discussed using well documented mathematical and physical formulae. The deeper understanding of these factors will enable pathologist to optimize the factors and use them in their favor.

Keywords: Antigen retrieval; Fixation; buffered formalin; diffusion; formaldehyde; immunohistochemistry; penetration.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Reaction of formaldehyde
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cycle of aqueous formaldehyde
Figure 3
Figure 3
Protein Interaction of Formaldehyde (1) Initial reaction (2) Late reaction
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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